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Chapter 8
Muscular
21
Science
Not Applicable
09/22/2011

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Term
Fascia*
Definition
Layers of dense connective tissue surround and separate each muscle. Combine loosely with oxygen.
Term
Aponeuroses*
Definition
Broad sheets of connective tissue that connects muscle to muscle.
Term
Muscle Layers*
Definition
Fascia, surround each muscle -> pimysium, connective tissue around whole muscle -> perimysium, surrounds individual bundles (facicles) -> endomysium, coveres muscle cell fibers.
Term
Myosin*
Definition
Protein that makes up thick filaments of myofibrils.
Term
Actin*
Definition
Protein that makes up thin filaments of myobibrils.
Term
Neuromuscular Junction*
Definition
Where a motror neuron and muscle fiber meet.
Term
Motor Unit*
Definition
MOtor neuron + the muscle fibers controlling it. Can contract all at once when stimulated to do so.
Term
ATPase
Definition
Enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
Term
Sliding Filament Theory*
Definition
Myosin crossbridge attaches to the binding site on the actin filament and bends, pulling on the actin filament. Then it releases and ataches to the next binding site on the actin, pulling again.
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
Pigment responsible for the red color of blood.
Term
Myoglobin
Definition
Synthesized in muscle cells and imparts the reddish-brown color of skeletal muscle tissue.Combine loosely with oxygen.
Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
Motor neuron releases this from its synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft to initiate muscle contraction.
Term
Creatine Phosphate
Definition
Store excess energy released by the mitochondria, regenerates ATP from ADP and phosphate.
Term
Oxygen Debt
Definition
The amount of oxygen that liver cells require to convert the accumulated lactic acid into make up the cheekbones and join with the temporal bones to form the zygomatic arches
Term
Lactic Acid
Definition
Muscle fatigue usually arises from the accumulation of this in the muscle.
Term
Summation
Definition
Causes individual twithces to combine when a muscle fiber is unable to relax completely due to a series of stimuli of increasing frequency.
Term
Recruitment
Definition
An increase in the number of activated motor units within a muscle at higher intensities of stimulation.
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
Has transverse tubules that supply extra calcium allowing it to contract for longer.
Term
Prime Mover
Definition
Does the majority of the work in interaction of skeletal muscles.
Term
Synergists
Definition
Helper muscles.
Term
Antagonists
Definition
Opposing muscles.
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