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Chapter 8 Vocab
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65
Business
9th Grade
12/08/2011

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Term
organization structure
Definition
framework enabling managers to divide responsibilities, ensure employee accountability, and distribute decision making authority
Term
organization chart
Definition
diagram showing how employees and tasks are grouped and where the lines of communication and authority flow
Term
formal organization
Definition
a framework officially established by managers for accomplishing tasks that lead to achieving the organization’s goals
Term
informal organization
Definition
network of informal employee interactions that are not defined by formal structure
Term
work specialization
Definition
: specialization in or responsibility for some portion of an organization’s overall work tasks; also called division or labor
Term
chain of command
Definition
pathway for the flow of authority from one management level to the next
Term
responsibility
Definition
obligation to perform the duties and achieve the goals and objectives associated with a position
Term
accountability
Definition
obligation to report results and justify outcomes that fall below expectations
Term
delegation
Definition
assignment or work and the authority and responsibility required to complete it
Term
line organization
Definition
organization with a clear line of authority flowing from the top down
Term
line and staff organization
Definition
organization system that combines a clear chain of command with functional groups that provide advice and specialized and services
Term
span of management
Definition
number of people under one manager’s control; also known as span of control
Term
flat organizations
Definition
organizations with a wide span of management and few hierarchical levels
Term
tall organizations
Definition
organizations with a narrow span or management and many hierarchical levels
Term
centralization
Definition
concentration of decision making authority at the top of the organization
Term
decentralization
Definition
delegation of decision making authority to employees in lower-level positions
Term
departmentalization
Definition
grouping people within an organization according to function, division, matrix or network
Term
functional structure
Definition
grouping workers according to their similar skills, resource use, and expertise
Term
divisional structure
Definition
grouping departments according to similarities in product, process, customer, or geography
Term
product divisions
Definition
divisional structure based on products
Term
process divisions
Definition
divisional structure based on products
Term
customer divisions
Definition
divisional structure that focuses on customers or clients
Term
geographic divisions
Definition
divisional structure based on location of operations
Term
matrix structure
Definition
structure in which employees are assigned to both a functional group and a project team (thus using functional and divisional patterns simultaneously)
Term
network structure
Definition
structure in which individual companies are connected electronically to perform selected tasks for a small headquarters organization
Term
hybrid structure
Definition
structure that combines elements or functional, divisional, matrix, and network organizations
Term
team
Definition
a unit of two or more people who share a mission and collective responsibility as they work together to achieve a goal
Term
problem-solving team
Definition
informal team that meets to find ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment
Term
self-managed teams
Definition
teams in which members are responsible for an entire process or operation
Term
functional teams
Definition
teams whose member come from a single functional department and that are based on the organization’s vertical structure
Term
cross-functional teams
Definition
teams that draw together employees from different functional areas
Term
task force
Definition
team of people from several departments who are temporarily brought together to address a specific issue
Term
special-purpose teams
Definition
temporary teams that exist outside the formal organization hierarchy and are created to achieve a specific goal
Term
committee
Definition
team that may become a permanent part of the organization and is designed to deal with regularly recurring tasks
Term
virtual teams
Definition
teams that use communication technology to bring geographically distant employees together to achieve goals
Term
free riders
Definition
team members who do not contribute sufficiently to the group’s activities because members are not being held individually accountable for their work
Term
cohesiveness
Definition
a measure of how committed the team members are to their team’s goals
Term
norms
Definition
informal standards of conduct that guide team behavior
Term
division of labor
Definition
the degree to which organizational tasks are broken down into separate jobs
Term
relationship managers
Definition
frequently senior salespeople and purchasing agents
Term
span of control
Definition
same as span of management
Term
staff
Definition
provide advice and specialized services but who are not in the line organization’s overall chain of command
Term
vertical structure
Definition
how many layers the chain of command is divided into from the top of the company to the bottom
Term
horizontal structure
Definition
the various business functions and work specialties are divided across the company
Term
business units
Definition
self-contained sub-organizations that encompass all the major functional resources required to achieve their goals
Term
mobility
Definition
chips for cell phones and laptop computers
Term
digital enterprise
Definition
chips for business computers
Term
digital home
Definition
chips for home computers and other consumer products
Term
digital health
Definition
chips for medical devices
Term
channel products
Definition
chips that are sold mostly to international distributors and small companies
Term
virtual organization
Definition
outsource engineering, marketing, research, accounting, production, distribution, or other functions
Term
synergy
Definition
members of successful teams accomplish more together than they could individually
Term
quality circles
Definition
teams that collaborate on a range of quality and reliability issues
Term
nonverbal cues
Definition
facial expressions and body language that people rely on heavily when communicating in person, virtual communication is even more challenging
Term
groupthink
Definition
peer pressure cause individual team members to withhold contrary or unpopular opinions
Term
task specialist role
Definition
focus on helping the team reach its goals
Term
emotional role
Definition
focus on supporting the team’s emotional needs and strengthening the teams’ social unity
Term
nonparticipators
Definition
contributing little to reaching the team’s goals or to meeting members’ emotional needs
Term
forming
Definition
a period of orientation and ice-breaking
Term
storming
Definition
members show more of their personalities and become more assertive in establishing their roles
Term
norming
Definition
conflicts are resolved, team harmony develops
Term
performing
Definition
members are really committed to the team’s goals
Term
adjourning
Definition
issues are wrapped up and the team is dissolved
Term
informational meetings
Definition
involve sharing information and perhaps coordinating action
Term
decision-making meetings
Definition
involve persuasions, analysis, and problem solving
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