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Chapter 8 Terms
AP US History terms for chapter 8 of The American Promise
24
History
10th Grade
10/05/2010

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Term
James Madison
Definition
influential Virginian of the Continental Congress
Term
Alexander Hamilton
Definition
New York, Continental Congress
Term
John Adams
Definition
Continental Congress, supported the suppression of the vote of landless men
Term
Daniel Shays
Definition
chosen as leader of backwoods rebellion (by the opposing governor) that protested the elite rule and cried for direct democracy
Term
Federalists
Definition
those for the ratification of the Constitution, "league"
Term
Antifederalists
Definition
against ratification of Constitution, "anti-league"
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
first official legislature of America, 1777, kept colonies as separate states that had most of the power
Term
republicanism
Definition
indirect democracy, voters elect people to choose president
Term
bills of rights
Definition
protect personal liberties
Term
suffrage
Definition
the fight for the vote
Term
gradual emancipation
Definition
"every person born after ___ will be free after their ___ birthday," way in northern colonies of freeing slaves
Term
manumission law
Definition
in middle colonies, eased legal restrictions and allowed individual acts of emancipation for those under the age of 45
Term
Northwest territories
Definition
belonged to certain colonies based on royal charters, upset certain colonies who didn't have claims there
Term
Northwest Ordinance
Definition
1787, three-stage process in which settled territories could become states
Term
Constitutional Convention
Definition
originally meeting to revise the Articles, became writing of whole new governmental legislature
Term
Virginia Plan
Definition
total repudiation of principle of a confederation of states, mainly by Madison, three-branch system, representation of both legislative houses based on population
Term
New Jersey Plan
Definition
kept existing single house congress where each state had one vote, plural presidency, again favored national power over states' rights
Term
Great Compromise
Definition
broke stalemate over representation (population vs. set number) per state in legislature
Term
Three-fifths compromise
Definition
slaves/blacks count as three-fifths of a person when counting population for House of Representatives
Term
the Federalist Papers
Definition
Alexander Hamilton with James Madison and NY lawyer John Jay on series of 85 essays explaining political philosophy of Constitution
Term
Elastic Clause
Definition
Term
checks and balances
Definition
none of the branches have absolute power in any decision
Term
separation of powers
Definition
each branch has different powers with which to accomplish different things
Term
ratification
Definition
approval by set amount of colonies for new laws
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