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Chapter 7: Securing Information Systems
Essentials of Management Information Systems: Laudon & Laudon 9th e
59
Management
Undergraduate 3
05/18/2012

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Term
Acceptable Use Policy
Definition
Defines acceptable uses of the firm's information resources and computing equipment, including desktop and laptop computers, wireless devices, telephones, and the Internet, and specifies consequences for noncompliance.
Term
Access Control
Definition
Policies and procedures a company uses to prevent improper access to systems by unauthorized insiders and outsiders.
Term
Antivirus Software
Definition
Software designed to detect, and often eliminate, computer viruses from an information system.
Term
Application controls
Definition
Specific controls unique to each computerized application such as payroll or order processing. They include both automated and manual procedures that ensure that only authorized data are completely and accurately processed by the applications.
Term
Authentication
Definition
The ability of each party in a transaction to ascertain the identity of the other party.
Term
Authorization Management Systems
Definition
Systems for allowing each user access only to those portions of a system or the Web that person is permitted to enter, based on information established by a set of access rules.
Term
Authorization Policies
Definition
Determine differing levels of access to information assets for different levels of users in an organization
Term
Biometric authentication
Definition
Technology for authenticating system users that compares a person's unique characteristics such as fingerprints, face, or retinal image, against a stored set profile of these characteristics.
Term
Botnet
Definition
A group of computers that have been infected with bot malware without users' knowledge, enabling a hacker to use the amassed resources of the computers to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks, phishing campaigns or spam.
Term
Bugs
Definition
or program code defects. The main source of bugs is the complexity of decision-making code.
Term
Business Continuity Planning
Definition
Planning that focuses on how the company can restore business operations after a disaster strikes.
Term
Click fraud
Definition
Occurs when an individual or computer program fraudulently clicks on an online ad without any intention of learning more about the advertiser or making a purchase.
Term
Computer crime
Definition
The commission of illegal acts through the use of a computer or against a computer system.
Term
Computer forensics
Definition
The scientific collection,examination, authentication, preservation, and analysis of data held on or retrieved from computer storage media in such a way that the information can be used as evidence in a court of law.
Term
Computer virus
Definition
Rogue software program that attaches itself to other software programs or data files in order to be executed, often causing hardware and software malfunctions.
Term
Controls
Definition
All of the methods, policies, and procedures that ensure protection of the organization's assets, accuracy and reliability of its records, and operational adherence to management standards.
Term
Cybervandalism
Definition
Intentional disruption, defacement, or even destruction of a Web site or corporate information system.
Term
Deep packet inspection (DPI)
Definition
Technology for managing network traffic by examining data packets, sorting out low-priority data from higher priority business-critical data, and sending packets in order of priority.
Term
Denial-of-service (DoS) attack
Definition
Flooding a network server or Web server with false communications or requests for services in order to crash the network.
Term
Digital certificates
Definition
Attachments to an electronic message to verify the identity of the sender and to provide the receiver with the means to encode a reply.
Term
Disaster recovery planning
Definition
Planning for the restoration of computing and communications services after they have been disrupted.
Term
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack
Definition
Uses numerous computers to inundate and overwhelm a network from numerous launch points.
Term
Downtime
Definition
Period of time in which an information system is not operational.
Term
Encryption
Definition
The coding and scrambling of messages to prevent their being read or accessed without authorization
Term
Evil twins
Definition
Wireless networks that pretend to be legitimate Wi-Fi- networks to entice participants to log on and reveal passwords or credit card numbers
Term
Fault-tolerant computer systems
Definition
Systems that contain extra hardware, software, and power supply components that can back a system up and keep it running to prevent system failure.
Term
General Controls
Definition
govern the design, security, and use of computer programs and the security of data files in general throughout the organization's information technology infrastructure.
Term
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
Definition
requires financial institutions to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer data.
Term
Hacker
Definition
a person who gains unauthorized access to a computer network for profit, criminal mischief, or personal pleasure.
Term
High-available computing
Definition
tools and technology, including backup hardware resources, to enable a system to recover quickly from a crash.
Term
HIPAA
Definition
Law Outlining Medical security and privacy rules and procedures for simplifying the administration of health-care billing and automating the transfer of healthcare data between healthcare providers, payers, and plans.
Term
Identity Theft
Definition
Theft of key pieces of personal information, such as credit card or Social Security Numbers, in order to obtain merchandise and services in the name of the victim or to obtain false credentials.
Term
Intrusion Detection System
Definition
Tools to monitor the most vulnerable points in a network to detect and deter unauthorized intruders.
Term
Key Loggers
Definition
Spyware that records every keystroke made on a computer.
Term
Malware
Definition
Malicious software programs such as computer viruses, worms, and Trojanhorses.
Term
Managed Security Service Providers
Definition
Companies that provide security management services for subscribing clients.
Term
MIS Audit
Definition
Identifies all of the controls that govern individual information systems and assesses their effectiveness.
Term
Online Transaction Processing
Definition
Transaction processing mode in which transactions entered online are immediately processed by the computer.
Term
Patches
Definition
small pieces of software that repair flaws in programs without disturbing the proper operation of the software.
Term
Pharming
Definition
Phishing technique that redirects users to a bogus web page, even when the individual types the correct web page address into his or her browser.
Term
Phishing
Definition
A form of spoofing involving setting up fake websites or sending email messages that look like those of legitimate businesses to ask users for confidential personal data.
Term
Public Key Encryption
Definition
uses two keys: one shared (for public) and one private.
Term
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Definition
system for creating public and private keys using a certificate authority (CA) and digital certificates for authentication.
Term
Recovery-oriented computing
Definition
Computer systems designed to recover rapidly when mishaps occur.
Term
Risk Assessment
Definition
Determining the potential frequency of the occurrence of a problem and the potential damage if the problem were to occur. Used to determine the cost/benefit of a control.
Term
Sorbanes-Oxley Act
Definition
Law passed in 2002 that imposes responsibility on companies and their management to protect investors by safeguarding the accuracy and integrity of financial information that is used internally and released externally.
Term
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP)
Definition
Protocol used for encrypting data flowing over the internet; limited to individual messages.
Term
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
Definition
Enables client and server computers to manage encryption and decryption activities as they communicate with each other during a secure Web session.
Term
Security
Definition
policies, procedures, and technical measures used to prevent unauthorized access, alteration, theft, or physical damage to information systems.
Term
Security Policy
Definition
statements ranking information risks, identifying acceptable security goals, and identifying the mechanisms for achieving these goals.
Term
Smart Card
Definition
a credit-card-size plastic card that stores digital information and that can be used for electronic payments in place of cash.
Term
Sniffer
Definition
a type of eavesdropping program that monitors information traveling over a network.
Term
Social Engineering
Definition
Tricking people into revealing their passwords by pretending to be legitimate users or members of a company in need of information.
Term
Spoofing
Definition
misrepresenting one's identity on the Internet or redirecting a web link to an address different from the intended one, with the site masquerading as the intended destination.
Term
Spyware
Definition
technology that aids in gathering information about a person or organization without their knowledge.
Term
Token
Definition
physical device, similar to an identification card, that is designed to prove the identity of a single user.
Term
Trojan Horse
Definition
A software program that appears legitimate but contains a second hidden function that may cause damage.
Term
War Driving
Definition
an eavesdropping technique in which eavesdroppers drive by buildings or park outside and try to intercept wireless network traffic.
Term
Worms
Definition
independent software programs that propagate themselves to disrupt the operation of computer networks or destroy data and other programs.
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