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Chapter 7
ORGB-300 Drexel University
26
Business
Undergraduate 4
03/17/2011

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Term
Explicit Knowledge
Definition
Knowledge that is easily communicated and available to everyone
Term
Tacit Knowledge
Definition
Knowledge that employees can only learn through experience
Term
Positive Reinforcement
Definition
When a positive outcomes follows a desired behavior
Term
Negative Reinforcements
Definition
An unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior
Term
Punishment
Definition
When an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior
Term
Extinction
Definition
The removal of a positive outcome following an unwanted behavior
Term
Social Learning Theory
Definition
Theory that argues that people in organizations learn by observing others
Term
Behavioral Modeling
Definition
When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat the observed behavior
Term
Training
Definition
A systematic effort by organizations to facilitate the learning of job-related knowledge and behavior
Term
Communities of Practice
Definition
Groups of employees who learn from one another through collaboration over an extended period of time
Term
Goal Orientations
Definition
A predisposition or attitude that drives whether a person has a learning or performance orientation toward tasks
Term
Programmed Decisions
Definition
Decisions that are somewhat automatic because the decision maker's knowledge allows him or her to recognize the situation and the course of action to be taken
Term
Intuition
Definition
An emotional judgment based on quick unconscious, gut feelings
Term
Non-programmed Decision
Definition
Decisions made by employees when a problem is new, complex, or not recognized
Term
Rational Decision Making Model
Definition
A step-by-step approach to making decisions that is designed to maximize outcomes by examining all available alternatives
Term
Bounded rationality
Definition
The notion that people do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives when making a decision
Term
Satisficing
Definition
When a decision maker chooses the first acceptable alternative considered
Term
Selective perception
Definition
The tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them as it is consistent with their expectations
Term
Social Identity Theory
Definition
A theory that people identify themselves based on the various groups to which they belong and judge others based on the groups they associate with
Term
Heuristics
Definition
Simple and efficient rules of thumb that allow one to make decisions more easily
Term
Availability Bias
Definition
The tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easier to recall
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
The tendency for people to judge others behaviors as being due to internal factors such as ability, motivation or attitudes
Term
Self-Serving Bias
Definition
When one attributes one's own failures to external factors and success to internal factors
Term
Escalation of commitment
Definition
A common decision-,making error in which the decision maker continues to follow a failing course of action
Term
Operant conditioning
Definition
the use of a behavior's antecedent and/or its consequence to influence the occurrence and form of behavior.
Term
Four types of reinforcement
Definition
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcements
Punishment
Extinction
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