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Chapter 7
Guide to networking essentials
41
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 1
06/06/2016

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Term
Access control
Definition
In the context of the Networking layer and routing, the process by which a router consults a list of rules before forwarding and incoming packet.The rules determine whether a packet meeting certain criteria (such as source and destination address) should be permitted to reach the intended destination.
Term
Application Layer
Definition
Layer 7 in OSI model provides interfaces that enable applications to request and receive network services.
Term
Data Link Layer
Definition
Layer 2 in the OSI model is repsonisble for managing access to the network medium and delivery of data frames from sender to receiver or from sender to an intermediate device, such as a router.
Term
Deencapsulation
Definition
The process of stripping the header from a PDU as it makes its way up the communication layers before being passed to the next higher layer.
Term
Encoding
Definition
Representing 0s and 1s as a physical signal, such as electrical voltage or a light pulse.
Term
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Definition
The international standards-setting body based in Geneva, Switzerland, that sets worldwide technology standards.
Term
Logical Link Control (LLC) Sublayer
Definition
The upper sublayer of the IEEE Project 802 model for the OSI model's Data Link Layer. It handles error-free delivery and controls the flow of frames between sender and receiver across a network.
Term
Maximum transmission unit (MTU)
Definition
The maximum frame size allowed to be transmitted across a network medium.
Term
Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer
Definition
The lower sublayer of the IEEE Project 802 model for the OSI model's Data Link Layer. It handles accessing network media and mapping between logical and physical network addresses for NICs.
Term
Network Layer
Definition
Layer 3 of the OSI model handles logical addressing and routing of PDUs across internetworks.
Term
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model
Definition
ISO standard 7498 defines a frame of reference for understanding networks by dividing the process of network communication into seven layers. Each layer is defined in terms of the services and data it handles on behalf of the layer above it and the services and data it needs from the layer below it.
Term
Peer Communication
Definition
In the layered approach, each layer on one computer behaves as though it were communicating with it's counterpart on the other computer. This means each layer on the receiving computer sees network data in the same format its counterpart on the sending computer did.
Term
Physical Layer
Definition
Layer 1, the bottom layer of the OSI model, transmits and receives signals and specifies the physical details of cables, NICs, connectors and hardware behavior.
Term
Presentation Layer
Definition
At layer 6 of the OSI model, data can be encrypted and/or compressed to facilitate delivery. Platform specific application formats are translated into generic data formats for transmission or from generic data formats into platform specific application formats for delivery to the application layer.
Term
Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
Definition
A unit of information passed as a self-contained data structure from one layer to another on its way up or down the network protocol stack.
Term
Session layer
Definition
Layer 5 of the OSI model is responsible for setting up, maintaining and ending communication sequences (called sessions) across a network.
Term
Transport Layer
Definition
Layer 4 of the OSI model is responsible for reliable delivery of data streams across a network. Layer 4 protocols break large streams of data into smaller chunks and use sequence numbers and acknowledgements to provide communication and flow control.
Term
The original commercial version of Ethernet supported 10 Mbps bandwidth; the version introduced in the early 1990s supports 100 Mbps; and in 1998, Gigabit Ethernet was introduced. All versions use the same data frame formats, with the same maximum PDU sizes, so they can interoperate freely. Given this information and what you know of layered technologies, which of the following statements is true? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Ethernet works at the Data Link and Physical layers of the OSI model, and upgrades to newer, faster versions of Ethernet can be made by changing only the components that work at these layers.
b. Ethernet spans several layers and requires a new protocol stack to upgrade to new versions.
c. Changes in technology at one layer of the OSI model don’t usually affect the operation of other layers.
d. Ethernet isn’t considered a scalable technology.
Definition
c. Changes in technology at one layer of the OSI model don’t usually affect the operation of other layers.
Term
The addition of information to a PDU as it’s passed from one layer to the next is called which of the following?
a. PDI transforming
b. Encapsulation
c. Deencapsulation
d. Converting
Definition
b. Encapsulation
Term
Layers acting as though they communicate directly with each other across the network are called which of the following?
a. Partners
b. Synchronous
c. Interchangeable
d. Peers
Definition
d. Peers
Term
Place the following letters in the correct order to represent the OSI model from Layer 7 to Layer 1:
a. Presentation
b. Data Link
c. Session
d. Physical
e. Application
f. Transport
g. Network
Definition
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Term
Which OSI layer creates and processes frames?
Definition
Data Link
Term
Which OSI layer deals with Segments?
Definition
Transport Layer
Term
Which OSI layer deals with Bits?
Definition
Physical Layer
Term
Which OSI layer deals with Packets?
Definition
Network Layer
Term
Which OSI layer handles flow control, data segmentation, and reliability?
a. Application
b. Physical
c. Transport
d. Data Link
Definition
c. Transport
Term
Which OSI layer governs how a NIC is attached to the network medium?
Definition
Physical
Term
Which OSI layer determines the route a packet takes from sender to receiver?
a. 7
b. 1
c. 3
d. 4
Definition
c. 3 Network layer
Term
Which OSI layer is responsible for setting up, maintaining, and ending ongoing information exchanges across a network?
a. 6
b. 3
c. 2
d. 5
Definition
d. 5 Session layer
Term
Which of the following elements might the Data Link layer add to its PDU? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Physical addresses
b. Logical addresses
c. Data
d. CRC
Definition
a and d
Term
When and how many times is a CRC calculated?
a. Once, before transmission
b. Once, after receipt
c. Twice, once before transmission and again on receipt
d. At the source and destination and at each intermediary device
Definition
d. At the source and destination and at each intermediary device
Term
Which layer of the OSI model does Project 802 divide into two sublayers?
a. Physical
b. Data Link
c. Network
d. Session
Definition
b. Data Link
Term
What are the names of the sublayers specified as part of Project 802? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Data Link Control (DLC)
b. Logical Link Control (LLC)
c. Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
d. Media Access Control (MAC)
Definition
b and d
Term
Which term refers to stripping header information as a PDU is passed from one layer to a higher layer?
a. Deencapsulation
b. Encapsulation
c. PDU stripping
d. Packetization
Definition
a. Deencapsulation
Term
Which IEEE 802 standard applies to Ethernet?
a. 802.2
b. 802.3
c. 802.4
d. 802.5
e. 802.11
Definition
b. 802.3
Term
Which IEEE 802 standard applies to wireless LANs?
a. 802.2
b. 802.3
c. 802.4
d. 802.5
e. 802.11
Definition
e. 802.11
Term
What is the name of the PDU at the Transport layer?
a. Bit
b. Packet
c. Segment
d. Data
Definition
c. Segment
Term
At which OSI layer does the PDU contain sequence and acknowledgement numbers?
a. Application
b. Transport
c. Data Link
d. Presentation
Definition
b. Transport
Term
Which of the following is an example of software found at the Application layer? (Choose all that apply.)
a. FTP
b. TCP
c. HTTP
d. ICMP
Definition
a and c
Term
At which Data Link sublayer does the physical address reside?
a. Media Access Control (MAC)
b. Logical Link Control (LLC)
c. Data Access Control (DAC)
d. Network Access Control (NAC)
Definition
a. Media Access Control (MAC)
Term
Which of the following problems can occur at the Physical layer?
a. NIC driver problems
b. Incorrect IP addresses
c. Signal errors caused by noise
d. Incorrect segment size
Definition
c. Signal errors caused by noise
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