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Chapter 7
Membrane Structure and Function
24
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/02/2013

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Term
Selective permeability
Definition
allows substances to cross it mroe easily than others
Term
Phospholipid strucutre
Definition
1. glycerol
2. 2 fatty acids
3. phosphate group
Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
water fearing
Term
hydrophilic
Definition
water loving
Term
Transmembrane proteins
Definition
integral proteins that span the membrane
Term
Membrane Protein Functions
Definition
1.transport
2.enzymatic activity
3.signal transduction
4.cell-cell recognition
5.intercellular joining
6.Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix.
Term
Hydrophobic molecules
Definition
can dissolve in the lipid bilayer and pass through the membrane repidly
Term
Hydrophilic molecules
Definition
do not cross the membrane easily.
Term
Transport proteins
Definition
allow passage of hydrophilic substances across the membrane
Term
Channel proteins
Definition
aquaporins, facilitate the passage of water.
Term
diffusion
Definition
the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space.
Term
Concentration gradient
Definition
the region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases.
Term
Passive transport
Definition
diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane, no energy is expended by the cell to make it happen.
Term
Osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Term
Tonicity
Definition
ability of a surround solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
Term
Isotonic solution
Definition
solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell, no net water movement across the plasma membrane
Term
Hypertonic solution
Definition
solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water
Term
Hypotonic solution
Definition
solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water.
Term
Osmoregulation
Definition
the control of solute concentrations and wayer balance, a necessary adaption for life in such environments.
Term
Turgid(Firm)
Definition
hypotonic solution swells until the wall opposes uptake
Term
Flaccid(Limp)
Definition
isotonic solution there is no net movement of water into the cell
Term
Facilitated diffusion
Definition
transport proteins speed the passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane
Term
Ion channels
Definition
open or close in response to a stimulus
Term
Active transport
Definition
moves substances agiasnt their concentration gradient
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