Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 7
States of Consciousness
38
Psychology
12th Grade
03/07/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
consciousness
Definition
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Term
biological rhythms
Definition
Periodic physiological fluctuations.
Term
circadian rhythm
Definition
The biological clock; regular body rhythms (i.e. of temperature and wakefullness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
Term
REM sleep
Definition
Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
Term
alpha waves
Definition
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
Term
sleep
Definition
Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consiousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.
Term
hallucinations
Definition
False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absense of an external visual stimulus.
Term
delta waves
Definition
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
Term
insomnia
Definition
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
Term
narcolepsy
Definition
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
Term
sleep apnea
Definition
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
Term
night terrors
Definition
A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, they occur during Stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.
Term
dream
Definition
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.
Term
manifest content
Definition
According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).
Term
latent content
Definition
According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that a dream's this functions as a safety valve.
Term
REM rebound
Definition
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation(created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).
Term
hypnosis
Definition
A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
Term
posthypnotic suggestion
Definition
A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is not longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
Term
dissociation
Definition
A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
Term
psychoactive drug
Definition
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.
Term
tolerance
Definition
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencingg the drug's effect.
Term
withdrawal
Definition
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an additcive drug.
Term
physical dependence
Definition
A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
Term
psychological dependence
Definition
A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.
Term
addiction
Definition
Compulsive drug craving and use.
Term
depressants
Definition
Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
Term
barbiturates
Definition
Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.
Term
opiates
Definition
Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
Term
stimulants
Definition
Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
Term
amphetamines
Definition
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
Term
methamphetamines
Definition
A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.
Term
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Definition
A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.
Term
hallucinogens
Definition
Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
Term
LSD
Definition
A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also know as acid.
Term
THC
Definition
The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.
Term
near-death experience
Definition
An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.
Term
dualism
Definition
The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact.
Term
monism
Definition
The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!