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Chapter 7
The Respiratory System
59
Medical
Undergraduate 2
10/07/2011

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Term
anoxia
Definition
the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood or tissues
Term
anthracosis
Definition

AKA "black lung"

caused by coal dust in the lungs

Term
antitussive
Definition

(cough medicine)

administered to prevent or relieve coughing

Term
aphonia
Definition
the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
Term
apnea
Definition
the absence of spontaneous respiration
Term
asbestosis
Definition
caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos
Term
asphyxia
Definition

condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function

-Oxygen levels in the blood drop quickly, carbon dioxide levels rise, and unless breathing resumes within a few minutes death or serious brain damage follows

Term
aspiration pneumonia
Definition
can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs
Term
asthma
Definition
chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing
Term
atelectasis
Definition
the collapse of part or all of a lung by blockage of the air passages or by very shallow breathing
Term
bradypnea
Definition
an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute
Term
bronchodilator
Definition
medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs
Term
bronchorrhea
Definition
an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi
Term
bronchoscopy
Definition
visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
Term
bronchospasm
Definition
a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut
Term
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Definition
pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea followed by hyperpnea
Term
croup
Definition
acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough
Term
cystic fibrosis
Definition
genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
Term
diphtheria
Definition

acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract

-Bacteria produce toxins that can damage the heart muscle and peripheral nerves

Term
dysphonia
Definition
any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty
Term
dyspnea
Definition

(shortness of breath (SOB))

difficult or labored breathing

*One of the first symptoms of heart failure

Term
emphysema
Definition
the progressive loss of lung function that is characterized by a decrease in the total number of alveoli, the enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and the progressive destruction of the walls of the remaining alveoli
Term
empyema
Definition
a collection of pus within a body cavity
Term
endotracheal intubation
Definition
the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway
Term
epistaxis
Definition

(nosebleed)

bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders

Term
hemoptysis
Definition
coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage
Term
hemothorax
Definition

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity

-Often results from chest trauma, such as a stab wound, or it can be caused by disease or surgery

Term
hypercapnia
Definition
the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
Term
hyperpnea
Definition

breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest

-commonly associated with exertion

Term
hypopnea
Definition
shallow or slow respiration
Term
hypoxemia
Definition

a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood

*Less severe than anoxia

Term
hypoxia
Definition

condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells

*Less severe than anoxia

Term
laryngectomy
Definition
the surgical removal of the larynx
Term
laryngitis
Definition

an inflammation of the larynx

*Describes voice loss caused by inflammation

Term
laryngoplegia
Definition
paralysis of the larynx
Term
laryngoscopy
Definition
the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope inserted through the mouth and placed into the pharynx to examine the larynx
Term
mediastinum
Definition
the cavity located between the lungs; contains connective tissue and organs including the heart and its veins and arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes
Term
nebulizer
Definition
pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouth piece
Term
otolaryngologist
Definition
(ENT) a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, and throat, and related structures of the head and neck
Term
pertussis
Definition
(whooping cough) a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal(sudden or spasm-like) cough, followed by breathlessness, and a noisy inspiration
Term
pharyngitis
Definition
(sore throat) an inflammation of the pharynx
Term
pharyngoplasty
Definition
the surgical repair of the pharynx
Term
pleurectomy
Definition
the surgical removal of part of the pleura
Term
pleurisy
Definition
an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath
Term
pleurodynia
Definition
pain in the pleura that occurs in relation to breathing movements
Term
pneumoconiosis
Definition
fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after prolonged environmental or occupational contact
Term
pneumonectomy
Definition
the surgical removal of all or part of a lung
Term
pneumothorax
Definition
the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that prevents the lung from fully expanding or can cause it to collapse
Term
polysomnography
Definition
(sleep apnea study) measures physiological activity during sleep and is most often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea
Term
pulmonologist
Definition
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues
Term
pulse oximeter
Definition

an external moniter placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

*Normal reading- 95-100% saturated by oxygen

Term
pyothorax
Definition
the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between layers of the pleural membrane
Term
sinusitis
Definition
an inflammation of the sinuses
Term
tachypnea
Definition
an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute
Term
thoracentesis
Definition
the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
Term
thoracostomy
Definition
the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity
Term
tracheostomy
Definition
the creation of a stoma into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions
Term
tracheotomy
Definition
usually an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage
Term
tuberculosis
Definition
(TB) an infectious disease caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs
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