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Chapter 7 vocab
Chapter 7 vocab
17
Biology
9th Grade
04/07/2012

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Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide
Term
Pyruvic Acid
Definition
the three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis
Term
NADH
Definition
the reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide.
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
describes a process that does not require oxygen
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition
physical exercise intended to increase the activity of the heart and lungs to promote the body's use of oxygen
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
the anaerobic breakdown of glucose pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP
Term
NAD+
Definition
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized to NAD+ and reduced to NADH
Term
Fermentation
Definition
the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen
Term
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Definition
the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product
Term
Alcoholic Fermentation
Definition
the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol
Term
Kilocalorie
Definition
a unit of energy equal to 1,000 cal
Term
Mitochondrial Matrix
Definition
the fluid that is inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Term
Acetyl CoA
Definition
acetyl coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major role in metabolism
Term
Krebs Cycle
Definition
a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy
Term
Oxaloacetic Acid
Definition
A colorless crystalline organic acid that is formed by oxidation of malic acid in the Krebs cycle and by transamination from aspartic acid. It is important as an intermediate in the metabolism of carbohydrates and a precursor in the synthesis of amino acids. Chemical formula: C4H4O5.
Term
Citric Acid
Definition
a six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs cycle
Term
FAD
Definition
flavin adenine dinucleotide, a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions
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