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Chapter 7 Review
Cells
47
Biology
10th Grade
10/16/2008

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Term
What did Robert Hooke do?
Definition
Used early compound microscope
Found first cells
Term
Who are the three people who came up with the Cell Theory and what are the three parts of the Cell Theory.
Definition
Mathias Schleiden, Theodor Schwmn, Rudolf Virchow----------- 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of function of living things 3. New cells are made from existing cells
Term
What did Lynn Margulis come up with?
Definition
Endosymbiotic Theory----Mitochonria and Chloroplasts were once their own cells.
Term
What are the two characteristics of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
Definition
1. Surrounded by a cell membrane 2. Contain DNA at some point
Term
What are the characteristics of Prokaryotes? And an example
Definition
1. Evolved before nuclei 2. Have some internal
Ex. Bacteria
Term
What are the characteristics of Eukaryotes? And an example
Definition
1. Complex 2. Genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell 3. Contains internal membranes
Ex. Plants, Animals, and Fungi
Term
What are organelles and what two parts of the cell are they found in?
Definition
"Little Organs" in the cell 1. Nucleus 2. Cytoplasm
Term
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
Definition
Sorts materials and proteins for the E.R.
Term
What are Lysosomes for?
Definition
Digestion of lipids, carbs, and proteins.
Term
What are two diseases caused by lysosomes? And what do they do?
Definition
1. Pompe's Disease- Liver is damaged due to accumulation of glycogen. 2. Tay-Sachs Disease - Lipid digesting enzyme becomes impaired due to accumulation of lipids.
Term
What do vacuoles do?
Definition
Stores water, salts, proteins, and carbs.
Term
What do Mitochondria do?
Definition
Converts energy in food to be able to be used for the cell.
Term
What is different about the membrane on a Mitochondria?
Definition
It is double layered and the inner membrane is folded.
Term
What do chloroplasts do?
Definition
Capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy.
Term
What is different about the membrane of a chloroplast?
Definition
It is double with multiple stacks of thylokaids.
Term
When was the Endosymbiotic Theory introduced?
Definition
In 1970
Term
What does the cytoskeleton do?
Definition
Helps maintain cell shape and is involved in movement.
Term
What are microfilaments? And what do they do?
Definition
Thread like structures made up of actin.------- 1. Support Cell 2. Helps some cells move 3. Used in contraction of cells.
Term
What are microtubules? And what do they do?
Definition
Hollow structures made of tublin.-------1. Maintain cell shape 2. Makes up the miotic spindle 3. Make up centrioles 4. Help in cell movement.
Term
What does the Intermediate Filer do?
Definition
Helps maintain cell shape.
Term
What is the nucleus?
Definition
Control Center of the cell
Term
What does the nucleus contain? And what does that do?
Definition
DNA that is transcribes into RNA which contain code for making proteins.
Term
What is the nucleus surrounded by?
Definition
A nuclear membrane
Term
What is the nuclear membrane covered with?
Definition
Nuclear Pores which allow materials to move in and out.
Term
What is Chromatin?
Definition
DNA bound to protein
Term
What does Chromatin condense to form?
Definition
Condenses to form chromosomes
Term
What does the nucleolus do?
Definition
Begins ribosomic assembly.
Term
What does the nucleolus do?
Definition
Begins ribosomic assembly.
Term
What are ribosomes and what do they contain?
Definition
Small particles of RNA and Protein----Produce proteins by using coded instructions from the nucleus.
Term
What do free ribosomes do?
Definition
Makes proteins for cell use.
Term
What is the Rough ER used for?
Definition
It is involved in the synthesis of proteins
Term
What is the Smooth ER used for?
Definition
Used for the synthesis of lipids and drug detoxification
Term
What is permeable?
Definition
A substance is able to diffuse across the membrane
Term
What is impermeable?
Definition
Substances that cannot pass through the cell membrane freely.
Term
What is Selectively Permeable?
Definition
Some substances can pass through and others cannot.
Term
What is a Hypotonic solution? And what happens to cells in a Hypotonic solution?
Definition
A solution that has less solutes----A cell in this solution would bring the water into the cell to reach the equilibrium.
Term
What is a Hypertonic solution? And what would a cell do in a Hypertonic solution?
Definition
A solution that has too many solvents in it----A cell would release water out of the cell to try and reach the equilibrium.
Term
What does Active Transport require?
Definition
Energy
Term
What are the two types of Endocytosis? And what do they do?
Definition
1. Phagocytosis - "Cell is eating" 2. Pinosytosis - "Cell is drinking"
Term
What is the other name for Cell Differentiation?
Definition
Cell Specialization
Term
What is Cell Differentiation?
Definition
The specialization of cells that develop during a multicellular organisms life.
Term
What do RBC's do?
Definition
Transport oxygen by binding it to a protein on the cell.
Term
What do Pancreatic Cells do?
Definition
Produce proteins that are enzymes for food digestion.
Term
What are muscle cells?
Definition
Extensive cytoskeleton that mainly move up of the micro-filaments actin and myosin.
Term
What do guard cells do?
Definition
Make stomata which let gases into the cell
Term
What are the levels of organization of tissues?
Definition
1. Epithelial 2. Muscle 3. Nervous 4. Connective
Term
What are the four levels of organization?
Definition
1. Individual Cells 2. Tissues 3. Organs 4. Organ Systems
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