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Chapter 7 ~ Cellular Respiration
Chapter 7 ~ Cellular Respiration From Jeopardy Sheet
30
Biology
9th Grade
01/20/2011

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Term
What type of fermentations is used to make sauerkruat and what organism dows the fermenting?
Definition
Lactic acid fermentation done by bacteria
Term
During fermentation ______ is convereted into ____ or _____+_____
Definition
Pyruvic Acid into lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide
Term
What two things are broken down to produce the end products of each fermentation pathway?
Definition
Pyruvic acid and NADH (supplies H from glucose)
Term
State the type of fermentation that occus in our muscles and why it happens and why we feel pain.
Definition
Lactic acid fermentation due to Oxygen being used up; muscles cannot contract well so pain and cramps develop.
Term
State the following about the solution that is needed to ferment cabbage; what it is called, how it is created, how it affects the leaves and why a water solution is necessary.
Definition
Brine that is hypertonic is created from non-iodized salt added that draws out water. Keeps the enviroment anarobic for bacteria (oxygen kills them)
Term
Glycolysis is the breakdown of ____ into ____
Definition
Glucose to pyruvic acid
Term
What two stages produce CO2?
Definition
The transistion step and the Kreb's cycle.
Term
What are the four products of the Kreb's cycle?
Definition
NADH2, 2 FADH2, CO2 AND ATP
Term
Where do electrons come from that enter the ETC and what accepts them when they exit?
Definition
Electrons come from the H in NADH and FADH2 and move through the molecules of the ETC. When they exit they go to oxygen atoms as the final electron acceptor.
Term
Trace the path of H+ from the Kreb's cycle until it binds to oxygen and why its movement is important
Definition
H+ comes from NADH and FADH2 and is pumped through the ETC pump from the matrix into the space using active transport, it then passively diffuses throught the ATP synthase back into the matrix. this powers ADP+P  to form ATP in a process called chemiosmosis.
Term
During respiration _____ energy is converted to _____ energy.
Definition
organic to chemical
Term
How many ATP's are produced from one NADH? How many from FADH2?
Definition
3 for each NADH and 2 for each FADH2
Term
State the three processes where ATP is produced during aerobic respiration.
Definition
Glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle and the ETC
Term
What are the efficiency percentages of anaerobicand aerobic respiration and how many times more efficient is aerobic compared to anaerobic respiration?
Definition
Anaerobic is 3.5% and aerobic is 66% which is almost 20 times more efficient.
Term
How is the formation of water related to ATP production?
Definition
When water forms it removes H+ ions from the matrix which keeps the H+ concentration low inside. This favors the diffusion of H+ through the ATP synthase from high concentration in the space to low in the matrix so that the majority of the ATP can be produced.
Term
What do bacteria have to transfer from molecule to molecule to generate energy?
Definition
Electrons
Term
What would be the fuel source for the microbes and where would they have to deposit the energy?
Definition
Sugar; to an electrode
Term
Identify three reasons why biological batteries are better than electricity to power things.
Definition
They operate at safe body temps, no pollution, small size and generates electricity directly without by-products.
Term
List four devices and/or processes where this technology could be applied in the future.
Definition
Internal blood glucose monitors, cell phones, calculators, smoke detectors, flashlights, sewage breakdown, run seafloor devices to detect earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Term
State two obstacles that have to be overcome and why before the technology becomes truly useful.
Definition
Getting the electrons past the cell membrane and producing more than 600 nanowatts of power.
Term
The body cannot use _____ as the main fuel because it cannot pass from the blood into the brain.
Definition
Fats
Term
List the order that the three foods macromolecules are used in to create energy.
Definition
Carbohydrates then fats then protiens
Term
List two reasons that it is dangerous to stay on a high protien diet for too long.
Definition
You break down muscle to make energy, you can go into kidney failure and your nervous system shuts down.
Term
List two reasons that anaerobic exercise does for the body and list two anaerobic activities.
Definition
Improve lung capacity, strengthen the heart, more red blood cells to use oxygen better. Swimming and running.
Term
List three things that aerobic excercise does for the body and list two aerobic activities.
Definition
Creates strong bones, builds muscle mass and increases speed and power. Tennis and weight lifting.
Term
What is C2H5OH the formula for? What is C12H22O11 the formula for?
Definition
Ethanol; sucrose
Term
Why is electron movement through the ETC molecules important?
Definition
It powers the proton pump so that H+ can diffuse throught the ATP synthase to make ATP.
Term
What is the overall equation for cellular respiration (include numbers of all chemicals)?
Definition
C6H12O6  + 6O2 to 6H20 + 36 ATP
Term
How are ATP levels affected when acetyl levels rise and what happens to extra acetyl?
Definition
The also rise and it is stored as fat.
Term
What were the two things that were tested int he anaerobic respiration lab and how did they affect the reaction rate?
Definition
We tested the affect of temperature and carbohydrate source. The warm temperature allowed the enzymes in the yeast to act faster. The sweetner rose faster because it is a monomer but the sugar produced more carbon dioxide in the end because it is a dimer and there is more to break down by the yeast.
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