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Chapter 6D
Objectives
32
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
02/12/2011

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Term
Nerve
Definition
Group of many nerve fibers traveling together in PNS
Term
Tract
Definition
large, unmyelinated nerve fibers bundle in CNS
Term
Ganglion
Definition
cluster of neuron cell bodies outside CNS
Term
Nucleus
Definition
cluster of neuron cell bodies in CNS
Term
Gray matter
Definition
cell bodies and unmyelinated portions of nerve fibers which have gray appearance
Term
Myelin
Definition
makes white matter white
Term
5 reticular formation centers
Definition
CV, respiratory, cough, sneeze, vomiting
Term
Structures that the reticular formation is found?
Definition
Brainstem (medulla, pons, midbrain)
Term
Major cerebral commissure
Definition
Bundle of nerve fibers linking right and left halves of the brain.
Term
Nerve pathways (tracts) in the central nervous system named?
Definition
According to origin and termination
Term
What controls the entry of many solutes into the brain from the blood?
Definition
blood brain barrier
Term
Spinal nerves
Definition
one of the 86 peripheral nerves (43 pairs) that join spinal cord
Term
Info carried by spinal nerves?
Definition
motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) fibers
Term
Spinal nerve roots
Definition
Both dorsal and ventral roots where it enters the regions of the spinal cord
Term
Somatic/voluntary nervous system functions
Definition
consists of a single neuron between CNS and skeletal muscle cells; innervates skeletal muscle and can lead only to muscle excitation
Term
Autonomic nervous systems
Definition
two-neuron chain (connected by synapses) between CNS and effector organ; innervates smooth/cardiac muslce, gland and GI neurons, can be excitatory or inhibitory
Term
Preganglionic neurotransmitter release
Definition
sympathetic: acetlycholine
parasymapthetic: acetylcholine
Term
Postganglionic neurotransmitter release
Definition
sympathetic: norepinephrine/epinephrine
parasympathetic: acetylcholine
Term
Parasympathetic
Definition
Sympathetic synapse near or at organ
Long preganglionic and short postganglionic
Term
Sympathetic
Definition
Chain ganglia, synapse near spinal cord
Long postganglionic
Term
Nictonic receptors
Definition
On postganglionic neurons in the autonomic ganglia. At neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle, on some CNS nuerons
Term
Muscarinic receptors
Definition
On smoothe muscle, on cardiac muscle, on gland cells, on some CNS neurons, on some neurons of autonomic ganglia
Term
Receptors for norepinephrine/epinephrine
Definition
On smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, gland cells, some CNS neurons
Term
Nn (N2) receptors
Definition
Nictonic neural respond to acetylcholine
Term
Nm (N1) receptors
Definition
Nictotinic muscular respond to acetylcholine
Term
Location of Nn and Nm receptors
Definition
Found on postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia, at neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle
Term
Chemical structure of Ach
Definition
ester
Term
Chemical structure norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine
Definition
All have aromatic rings and alcohol attached to ring. Dopamine does not have an alcohol off the carbon chain coming off the ring. Epinephrine has an extra methyl off the nitrogen.
Term
Activates of Ach
Definition
Metab/degradation by enzyme action
Term
Activaties of NE
Definition
reuptake or metabolism by COMT or NAO, reuptake is used when difficult to make
Term
Biosythesis of acetylcholine
Definition
Synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A (choline acetylase) activation of enzyme acetylcholinesterase degrades
Term
What enzymes catalyze biosynthesis of acetylcholine
Definition
It is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A in cytoplasm of synaptic terminals and stored in synaptic vesicles, concentrations builds up until acetylcholinesterase stops process
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