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Chapter 6
Bone Structure
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/28/2014

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Term
articular cartilage
Definition
covers portions of the epiphysis that articulate with other bones
Term
sesamoid bones
Definition
are generally small, flat, and shaped somewhat like a sesame seed
Term
Axial skeleton
Definition
Bones of skull, thorax, and vertebral column
Term
Appendicular skeleton
Definition
Bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton
Term
Calcium
Definition
most abundant mineral in body
Term
long bones
Definition
Thin, roughly parallel surfaces
Term
Sinus
Definition
chamber within bone, usually filled with air
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Consist largely of spongy bone
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Mature bone cells that cannot divide
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Produce new bony matrix
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Remove and remodel bone matrix
Term
Circumferential lamellae
Definition
Outer and inner surfaces of compact bone layer
Term
Interstitial lamellae
Definition
Fill spaces between osteons
Term
Spongy bone
Definition
innermost layer
Term
Appositional bone growth
Definition
Increases bone diameter of existing bones
Term
Perforating fibers
Definition
Created by osteoblasts in periosteum cellular layer
Term
Endosteum
Definition
Incomplete cellular layer lining medullary cavity
Term
Secondary ossification centers
Definition
centers form as capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into epiphyses
Term
Marfan syndrome
Definition
Causes long, slender limbs
Term
Gigantism
Definition
Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty
Term
Fracture
Definition
Crack or break due to extreme mechanical stress
Term
fracture hematoma
Definition
Large blood clot develops
Term
Internal callus
Definition
network of spongy bone uniting inner edge
Term
Closed or simple fractures
Definition
Only seen on x-rays
Term
Open or compound fractures
Definition
bone through skin
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