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chapter 6
chemistry in biology
22
Biology
11th Grade
11/18/2012

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Term
proton
Definition
positively charged particle (within nucleus) (mass 1)
Term
neutron
Definition
particle with no charge (found within nucleus)(mass >1)
Term
electron
Definition
negatively charge particle (orbits nucleus) (mass 1)
Term
atom
Definition
building block of matter(made up of subatomic particles-- proton, neutron, electron)
Term
element
Definition
a pure substance: composed of one type of atom-- can not be broken down into another substance
Term
compound
Definition
pure substance with unique properties: two or more elements combined
Term
molecule
Definition
compounds who's atoms are held together by covalent bonds
Term
anion
Definition
negatively charged atom
Term
cation
Definition
positively charged atom
Term
covalent bond
Definition
bond in which atoms SHARE electrons
Term
ionic bond
Definition
electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms: one atom steals the other atom's electron
Term
atomic number
Definition
number of protons OR electrons
Term
atomic mass
Definition
number of protons AND neutrons
Term
matter
Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
four most abundant elements in living things
Definition
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
Term
nucleus
Definition
core of the atom
Term
atom
Definition
smallest particle of an element
Term
valence electrons
Definition
electrons in the highest energy level
Term
reactive
Definition
atoms with partially filled energy levels
Term
stable
Definition
atoms with already filled energy levels
Term
ions
Definition
atoms (or groups of atoms) that have become electrically charged
Term
chemical reaction
Definition
the breaking and making of chemical bonds to form new substance
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