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Chapter 6
JM Warmboe Study Guide JMIS7
59
Social Studies
7th Grade
02/29/2012

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Term
Fjord
Definition
A steep sided valley that are inlets of the sea. Where vikings settled villages
Term
Excommunicate
Definition
Exclude a person from church membership
Term
Missionary
Definition
People sent out to teach the religion
Term
Concordat
Definition
An agreement between the pope and the ruler of the country
Term
Estates-General
Definition
France's first parliament
Term
Vassal
Definition
A noble who served a lord of higher rank
Term
Fief
Definition
Land granted to vassals
Term
Knight
Definition
Some vassals or warriors in armor who fought in armor on horseback.
Term
Serf
Definition
Most peasants were these. THey could not leave the manor, own property or marry without the lord's approval.
Term
Guild
Definition
Craftspeople organized business groups
Term
Grand Jury
Definition
Decided whether people should be accused of a crime
Term
Trial Jury
Definition
Decided if the accused was guilty
Term
Clergy
Definition
Ordained priests
Term
Czar
Definition
Shortened version of caesar. In Russian, it means "emperor."
Term
Crusade
Definition
Holy War
Term
Mass
Definition
Catholic church worship
Term
Heresy
Definition
Religious belief that conflicts with the church's beliefs
Term
Anti-Semitism
Definition
hatred of Jews
Term
Theology
Definition
intense study of religion or god
Term
Scholasticism
Definition
New way of thinking
Term
Vernacular
Definition
An everyday language.
Term
Reconquista
Definition
Reconquest--The struggle to take back the iberian peninsula from the Muslims
Term
Charles Martel
Definition
Most powerful of the mayors. Wanted to unite all the Frankish nobles.
Term
Charlemagne
Definition
Charles the Great. The new roman Emperor.
Term
Gregory VII
Definition
Was elected pope. He wanted to stop nobles from interfering.
Term
Henry IV
Definition
Holy Roman Emperor. Refused to obey Gregory. Was excommunicated
Term
William the Conqueror & Norman Invasion
Definition
William defeated Harold at the battle of Hastings, was crowned and became known as William the Conqueror.
Term
King John
Definition
Henry's son, punished his enemies.
Term
Philip II
Definition
Became king of France
Term
Saladin
Definition
Muslim who became ruler of Egypt
Term
Ivan III
Definition
Became ruler of Moscow
Term
Richard I (Lionheart)
Definition
Agreed to a truce with Saladin
Term
Francis of Assisi
Definition
Founded first order of the friars.
Term
Hildegard of Bingen
Definition
Headed a convent in Jerusalem. Wrote music for the Catholic church
Term
Thomas Aquinas
Definition
Dominican friar, scholar
Term
Joan of Arc
Definition
Charles, ruler of the south of France wanted to take back the North. Joan told him her favorite saints had persuaded her to free the French. Her passion persuaded the king to let her go to Orleans with the army. Convicted of heresy and burned at the stake.
Term
Ferdinand and Isabella
Definition
Isabella of Capistola married Prince Ferdinand of Aragon, within ten years they became king and queen and joined their land into one country, Spain.
Term
Edward III
Definition
English kings claimed a right to the land. 1337 Declared himself king of France. Angered the French even more. War began, lasting over 100 years.
Term
Henry VII (Tudor)
Definition
A civil war known as the Wars of the Roses broke out amongst the noble families. The winner became Henry Tudor became King Henry VII.
Term
Vikings
Definition
In A.D. 700 and A.D. 800's, the Vikings began raiding Europe. Viking comes from the word for "raiding"
Term
Orleans
Definition
The city in Northern France where Joan of arc's faith stirred the french soldier and they took this city
Term
Scandinavia
Definition
Where the vikings came from.
Term
Holy Roman Empire
Definition
Otto I, one of the stronger kings of Germany sent armies to protect the pope. Pope declared him Emperor and the territories of Germany & Northern Italy became known as the Holy Roman Empire.
Term
Crecy
Definition
First major battle of the Hundred Years' war took place here after Edward invaded France
Term
Venice & Flanders
Definition
Medieval Cities: They grew as trade increased with the Byzantine Empire, making Venice center of mediterranean trade. Flanders became center for wool & cloth in Europe.
Term
Bologna, Paris, Oxford
Definition
First Universities made to educate and train scholars and for advancement of knowledge. Carried of grain, animals, and anything of value. Conquered Normandy. Weakened the Holy Roman Empire.
Term
Kievan Rus
Definition
Olag created a Rus state around the city of Kiev called the Kievan Rus. it was really a group of small territories. Its growth attracted missionaries from the Byzantine empire, leading to the king's marriage to the Byzantine Emperor's sister, and conversion to Eastern Orthodox.
Term
Romanesque & Gothic Cathedrals
Definition
Gothic church has ribbed vaults & pointed arches. They have gargoyles, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, and thin walls to help make them taller. The Romanesque has rounded ceilings called barrel vaults, thick pillars, and small windows that let in light through thick walls.
Term
Hundred Years' War-Why was it fought? Who won?
Definition
King Edward III declared himself the king of France. England wins the early battles, but
Term
Black Death--What was it and how did it impact Europe?
Definition
Disease that spread quickly and killed many. Thought to be the bubonic plague. Carried by fleas on rats. Came from Gobi desert and expanded with trade with Mongols along the Silk Road. Killed one out of every two people. Trade declined, wages rose sharply because there were so few workers. Food prices fell. Landlords had to pay workers more and charge lower rents. This freed some from being serfs. Weakened the feudal system.
Term
Inquisition
Definition
It was created to put an end to heresy. People that committed heresy were told to confess and ask forgiveness. Catholic church court.
Term
Dominicans
Definition
Dominicans--were friars. Their goal was to defend the church's faith. Spent years in study to be able to defend their faith when teaching to well educated people.
Term
What were the roles/status of women in the Middle Ages?
Definition
Women rand the household, raised children, managed family money, and sometimes helped husband with his trade.
Term
Which crusades succeeded? Which failed?
Definition
The first was the only one to succeed. The other four and Children's crusade all failed. Goal was to take back Jerusalem.
Term
What was the Magna Carta, and what impact did it have?
Definition
Established the idea that people have rights and that the power of the government should be limited.
Term
What was feudalism?
Why did it develop?
What led to its decline?
Definition
Shift of power from kings to nobles. Landowning nobles governed and protected people in return for services, such as fighting and farming.
When kings needed armies to fight Muslims or other Nobles, they granted land to nobles willing to fight for them. As more and more nobles gained land, they gained political power as well.

Declined due to the Crusades and the Plague, which made workers in more demand.
Term
What are the main parts of a castle and what are their functions?
Definition
Keep--Central building where Noble lived.
Motte--Castle is located on a hill, called the "motte"
Bailey--Flat open area where homes, stables, or workshops were.
Term
Franciscans
Definition
Franciscans--Friars. Francis of Assisi founded first order. Served the poor and as missionaries. Lived in towns and taught Christianity to people.
Term
Cistercians
Definition
Cistercians--Were monks that farmed land and worshipped. Developed new farming techniques and advised the pope to protect the poor. Helped the Europeans grow more crops.
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