Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 6
Thinking and Intelligence
18
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
fixation
Definition
the inability to create a new interpretation of a problem
Term
functional fixedness
Definition
the inability to see that an object can have a function other than its typical one in solving a problem
Term
mental set
Definition
the tendency to use previously successful problem-solving strategies without considering others that are more appropriate for the current problems
Term
algorithm
Definition
a step-by-step problem-solving procedure that guarantees a correct answer to a problem
Term
heuristic
Definition
a problem-solving strategy that seems reasonable given past experience with solving problems, especially similar problems, but does not guarantee a correct answer to a problem
Term
anchoring and adjustment heuristic
Definition
a heuristic for estimation problems in which one uses his or her initial estimate as an anchor estimate and then adjusts the anchor up or down
Term
working backward heuristic
Definition
a problem-solving heuristic in which one attempts to solve a problem by working from the goal state back to the start state
Term
means-end analysis heuristic
Definition
a problem-solving heuristic in which the distance to the goal state is decrease systematically by breaking the problem down into sub goals and achieving these subgoals
Term
representativeness heuristic
Definition
a heuristic for judging the probability of membership in a category by how well an object resembles that category
Term
gambler's fallacy
Definition
the erroneous belief that a chance process is self-correcting in that an event that has not occurred for a while is more likely to occur
Term
conjunction fallacy
Definition
incorrectly judging the overlap of two uncertain events to be more probably than either of the two events
Term
confirmation bias
Definition
the tendency to seek evidence that confirms one's belief
Term
illusory correlation
Definition
the erogenous belief that two variables are related when they actually are not
Term
belief perseverance
Definition
the tendency to cling to one's beliefs in the face of contradictory evidence
Term
person-who reasoning
Definition
questioning a well-established research finding because one knows a person who violates the finding
Term
standardization
Definition
the process that allows tests scores to be interpreted by providing test norms
Term
factor analysis
Definition
a statistical technique that identifies clusters of test items that measure the same ability
Term
Flynn effect
Definition
the finding that the average intelligence test score in the united states and other industrialized nations has improved steadily over the last century
Supporting users have an ad free experience!