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Chapter 6
N/A
26
Psychology
12th Grade
05/28/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Stimulus
Definition
Something that produces a reaction
Term
Response
Definition
What happens after a stimuli
Term
Conditioning
Definition
Learning
Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
Simple form of learning which one stimulus calls forth the response that is usually called forth by another stimulus
Term
Unconditioned Stimulus
Definition
Stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned
Term
Unconditioned Response
Definition
Automatic response after an unconditioned stimulus
Term
Conditioned Response
Definition
A learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral, or meaningless
Term
Conditioned Stimulus
Definition
Learned stimulus after a conditioned response
Term
Taste Aversion
Definition
Learned avoidance of a particular food
Term
Extinction
Definition
A conditioned stimulus that is disconnected from the unconditioned stimulus; as a result, the conditioned stimulus no longer causes the conditioned response to occur
Term
Spontaneous Recovery
Definition
Organisms sometimes display responses that were extinquished earlier
Term
Generalization
Definition
Act of responding in the same ways to stimuli that seem to be similiar, even if the stimuli are not identical
Term
Discrimination
Definition
Act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similiar to eachother
Term
Flooding
Definition
A person is exposed to the harmless stimulus until fear responses are gone
Term
Systematic Desensitization
Definition
People are taught relaxation techniques, then they are exposed gradually to stimulus that they fear until they become relaxed
Term
Counterconditioning
Definition
Pleasant stimulus is paired repeatedly with a fearful one, counteracting the fear
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
Learned from consequences of their actions
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
Process by which a stimulus increases the chances that the preceding behavior will occur again
Term
Primary Reinforcers
Definition
Reinforcers that function due to biological makeup of the organism
Term
Secondary Reinforcers
Definition
Acquire value through being paired with established reinforcers; must be learned
Term
Postive Reinforcers
Definition
Increase frequency of the behavior they follow when they are applied
Term
Negative Reinforcers
Definition
Increase frequency of the behavior that follows when they are removed
Term
Partial Reinforcement
Definition
Behavior is not reinforced everytime it occurs
Term
Shaping
Definition
Way of teaching complex behaviors in whcih one first reinforces small steps in the right direction
Term
Latent Learning
Definition
Learning that remains hidden until it is needed
Term
Observational Learning
Definition
Acquiring knowledge and skills by observing and imitating others
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