Shared Flashcard Set

Details

chapter 6 study guide
whap 6 study guide
40
History
10th Grade
10/29/2009

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Pax Romana
Definition
the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the first and second centuries AD. Since it was established by CaesarAugustus it is sometimes called Pax Augusta.
Term
republic
Definition
form of government in which the head of state is not a monarch and the people or at least a part of its people have an impact on its government. The word 'republic' is derived from the Latin phrase res publica which can be translated as "a public affair".
Term
centry
Definition
one hundred consecutive years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages (e.g. "the seventh century AD").
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
 form of government in which power effectively rests with a small elite segment of society distinguished by royal, wealth, intellectual, family, military, or religious hegemony.
Term

Consul

Definition
During the time of ancient Rome as a Republic, the consuls were the highest civil and military magistrates, serving as the heads of government for the Republic. New consuls were elected every year. There were two consuls, and they ruled together. However, after the establishment of the Empire, the consuls were merely a figurative representative of Rome’s republican heritage and held very little power and authority, with the emperor acting as the supreme leader.
Term
senate
Definition
deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature or parliament. There have been many such bodies in history, since senate means the assembly of the eldest and wiser members of the society and ruling class. 
Term

Attila the Hun

Definition
he Emperor of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the River Danube to the Baltic Sea
Term

Punic Wars

Definition
 a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place
Term

Carthage

Definition
refers both to an ancient city in present-dayTunisia, and a modern-day suburb of Tunis. The civilization that developed within the city's sphere of influence is referred to as Punic or Carthaginian.
Term

Tribune

Definition
a title shared by 10 elected officials in the Roman Republic. Tribunes had the power to convene the Plebeian Council and to act as its president, which also gave them the right to propose legislation before it. Also, the tribune could summon the Senate and lay proposals before it.
Term
plebeian
Definition
They were distinct from the higher order of the patricians. A member of the plebs was known as a plebeian (Latinplebeius). This term is used today to refer to one who is or appears to be of the middle or lower order; however, in Rome plebeians could become quite wealthy and influential.
Term
Patrician
Definition
originally referred to a group of elite citizens in ancient Rome, including both their natural and adopted members. In the late Roman Empire, the class was broadened to include high council officials, and after the fall of the Western Empire it remained a highhonorary title in the Byzantine Empire
Term

Pater familias

 

Definition
Roman law and tradition (mos maiorum) established the power of the pater familias within the community of his own extended familia. He held legal privilege over the property of the familia, and varying levels of authority over his dependents: these included his wife and children, certain other relatives through blood or adoption, clients, freedmen and slaves.
Term

 

Struggle of Orders 


Definition
 political struggle between the Plebeians(commoners) and Patricians (aristocrats) of the ancient Roman Republic, in which the Plebeians sought political equality with the Patricians.
Term

 

Gracchi Reforms 


Definition
Roman politician of the 2nd century BC and brother ofGaius Gracchus. As a plebeian tribune, his reforms of agrarian legislation caused political turmoil in the Republic. These reforms threatened the illegal holdings of rich landowners in Italy.
Term

Triumvirate

Definition
a political regime dominated by three powerful individuals, each a triumvir (pl.triumviri). The arrangement can be formal or informal, and though the three are usually equal on paper, in reality this is rarely the case.
Term

Pompey

Definition
a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. He came from wealthy Italian provincial background, and established himself in the ranks of Roman nobility by successful leadership in several campaigns.
Term
Julius Caesar
Definition

Roman military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.


Term
Octavian/Augustus Caesar
Definition
the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.[note 1] Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he wasadopted by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BC, and between then and 27 BC was officially namedGaius Julius Caesar.
Term

Mark Antony

Definition
Roman politician and General. He was an important supporter and the loyal friend of Gaius Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia. After Caesar's assassination, Antony formed an official political alliance with Octavian (Augustus) and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, known to historians today as the Second Triumvirate.
Term

Cleopatra VII

Definition
the last effective pharaoh of Egypt's Ptolemaic dynasty. She originally shared power with her father Ptolemy XII and later with her brothers Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, whom she also married, but eventually gained sole rule.
Term

Battle of Actium

Definition
the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic. It was fought between the forces of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra. The battle took place on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the Roman colony of Actium in Greece
Term
imperator
Definition
a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. It later went on to become a part of the titulature of the Roman Emperors as part of their cognomen
Term

Colosseum

Definition
an elliptical amphitheatre in the center of the city of RomeItaly, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering.
Term

Gaul

Definition
a historical name used in the context of the Roman Empire in references to the region of Western Europeapproximating present day France and Belgium, but also sometimes including the Po Valley, western Switzerland, and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the River Rhine.
Term

Virgil

Definition
 classical Roman poet, best known for three major works—the Eclogues (orBucolics), the Georgics, and the Aeneid—although several minor poems are also attributed to him.
Term
Mithraism
Definition
mystery religion which became popular among the military in the Roman Empire, from the 1st to 4th centuries AD. Information on the cult is based mainly on interpretations of monuments. These depict Mithras as born from a rock and sacrificing a bull. His worshippers had a complex system of 7 grades of initiation, with ritual meals. They met in underground temples. Little else is known for certain.
Term

Isis


Definition
a goddess in Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs, whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. She was worshiped as the ideal mother, wife, pahey ways wup tron of nature and magic. She was the friend of slaves, sinners, artisans, the downtrodden, as well as listening to the prayers of the wealthy, maidens, aristocrats and rulers.Isis is the Goddess of motherhood and fertility.
Term

Greco-Roman mysteries

Definition
were religious cults of the Greco-Roman world, participation in which was reserved to initiates. The main characterization of this religion is the secrecy associated with the particulars of the initiation and the cult practice, which may not be revealed to outsiders. The most famous Mysteries of Greco-Roman antiquity were the Eleusinian Mysteries, which were of considerable antiquity and predated the Greek Dark Ages
Term

Stoicism

Definition
a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The stoics considered destructive emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a sage, or person of "moral and intellectual perfection," would not undergo such emotions. Stoics were concerned with the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom, and the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is in accord with nature.
Term
Constantine 
Definition
 Roman emperor from 306, and the sole holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337. Best known for being the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine reversed the persecutions of his predecessor, Diocletian, and issued  the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimedreligious toleration throughout the empire.
Term

Byzantine Empire

Definition
the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on the capital of Constantinople, and ruled by Emperors.
Term

Edict of Milan

Definition
issued in 313, in the names of the Emperors Constantine, who ruled the western parts of the empire, and Licinius, who ruled the east. The two Augusti were in Milan to celebrate the wedding of Constantine's sister with Licinius.
Term

Celts

Definition
the most common academic usage. is a modern term used to describe any of the European peoples who spoke, or speak, a Celtic language. The term is also used in a wider sense to describe the modern descendants of those peoples, notably those who participate in a Celtic culture.
Term
barbarians 
Definition
 term for an uncivilized person, often used pejoratively, either in a general reference to a member of a nation or ethnos, typically a tribal society as seen by an urban civilization either viewed as inferior, or admired as a noble savage
Term

Goths

Definition
The Goths were converted to Christianity by the Arian (half-) Gothic missionary, Wulfila, who then found it necessary to leave Gothic country for Moesia, (modernSerbiaBulgaria) with his congregation, where he translated the Bible into Gothic, devising a script for this purpose.
Term

Justinian I

Definition
the second member of the Justinian Dynasty  and Eastern Roman Emperorfrom 527 until his death. He is considered a saint amongst Eastern Orthodox Christians, and is also commemorated by some Lutheran Churches. at the other end of the scale, his contemporary, Procopius, viewed Justinian as a cruel, venal, and incompetent ruler.
Term

 

Justinian Code 


Definition
a collection of fundamental works injurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian IEastern Roman Emperor.
Term

 

iconoclasm 


Definition
the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives. It is a frequent component of major domestic political or religious changes.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!