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Chapter 5: Civil Liberties
Chapter 5 Vocab from American Government: 11th Edition
29
History
12th Grade
10/23/2011

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Term
Civil Liberties
Definition
basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed either explicitly identified in the Bill of Rights and the Constitution, or interpreted through the years by courts and lawmakers.
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
Ex-slaves made citizens. "Due-process" clause applied to states. "equal protection" clause. reduction in congressional representation for states denying adult males the right to vote. southern rebels denied federal office.
Term
Clear and Present Danger Test
Definition
Law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions
Term
Due Process Of Law
Definition
Denies the government the rights, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty, and property
Term
Equal Protection of The Law
Definition
a standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government
Term
Establishment Clause
Definition
first amendment ban on laws "respecting an establishment of religion."
Term
Exclusionary Rule
Definition
Improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial
Term
1st Amendment
Definition
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition
Term
Secular
Definition
Worldly rather than spiritual or not specifically relating to religion or to a religious body
Term
Creationism
Definition
the religious belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the universe are the creation of a supernatural being.
Term
Good Faith Exception
Definition
an error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that it may be used in a trial
Term
Obsenity
Definition
Term
Libel
Definition
writing that falsely injures another person
Term
Slander
Definition
The action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.
Term
Public Figure
Definition
a well-known or notable person
Term
Prior Restraint
Definition
censorship of publication
Term
Probable Cause
Definition
Reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion
Term
Search Warrant
Definition
a judge's order authorizing a search
Term
Gitlow v. New York
Definition
Supreme Court says the First Amendment applies to states.
Term
Incorporation
Definition
Term
Selective Incorporation
Definition
Court cases that apply Bill of Rights to states
Term
Symbolic Speech
Definition
an act that conveys a political message
Term
What was Jefferson's reference regarding religion known as the "wall of separation principal"?
Definition
Term
USA Patriot Act
Definition
Term
4th Amendment
Definition
prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures
Term
5th Amendment
Definition
right when accused; "due-process" clause. The right to be indicted by a grand jury before being tried for a serious crime.
Term
FISA
Definition
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
Term
Mapp V. Ohio
Definition
Evidence illegally gathered by the police may not be used in a criminal trial
Term
Miranda
Definition
court describes ruling that police must give to arrested persons
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