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Chapter 5
For Exam 1, Milostan
17
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
09/27/2012

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What does the theory of Endosymbiosis entail?
Definition
Ancient eukaryotes endocysed O2 utilizing cells (the early forms of mitochondria). The cell membrane enclosed the chromosome in a primitive nucleus and the mitochondria flourished in the cell. Eventually, the two have a symbiotic relationship with one another.
Term
What evidence do we have that mitochondria were once foreign bacteria?
Definition
They possess the same 70S ribosomes that bacteria have.
Term
Eukaryotic flagella
Definition
10X thicker than prokaryotic flagella
Found among protozoa, algae, fungi, and animal cells.
Move with whip like motions.
Term
Cilia
Definition
Shorter and more numerous than flagella
Found among protozoan/animal cells
Term
Eukaryotic glycocalyx
Definition
On most eukaryotes
Composed of sugars
Appear as slime layer, capsule, or network of fibers.
Term
Eukaryotic cell walls
Definition
Found only among algae, plants, and fungi
Provide struture
Term
Eukaryotic cell membrane
Definition
Typical bilayer of phospholipids with proteins.
Acts as semi permeable membrane for cell.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
70-80% water
Site for organelles/chemical reactions
Term
Nucleus
Definition
DNA surrounded by nuclear membranes
Contains hereditary material that controls all cellular activities.
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Ribosomal RNA and proteins
Size 80S
Site for protein synthesis
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Internal network of membraneous passageways extending throughout a cell.
Transport and storage of substances in cell - where proteins attach.
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Membranes that form a series of flattened sacs
Assembles/packages substances into vesicles
Term
Vacuole
Definition
Membraneous sac
Certain fluids are digested/stored
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Vesicle containing digestive enzymes
Intracellular digestion of food/microbes/debris
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Outer membrane encloses on folded membrane
Site for ATP production
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
Membraneous sac containing photosynthetic pigments
Converts sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
A flexible internal framework of microtubules/microfilaments
Provides structural shape, movement of cytoplasm/chromosomes during cell division
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