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Chapter 5 key terms
Work and simple machines
19
Science
7th Grade
11/12/2007

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Term
work
Definition
the product of force and distance when a force is used to move an object
Term
joule
Definition
a unit of work equal to one newton-meter
Term
machine
Definition
a device that changes the amount of force exerted or the direction in which force is exerted
Term
input force
Definition
the force exerted on a machine
Term
output force
Definition
the force exerted on an object by a machine
Term

mechanical advantage

Definition
the number of times the force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine
Term
efficiency
Definition
the percentage of the input work that is converted to output work
Term
actual mechanical advantage
Definition
the mechanical advantage that a machine provides in a real situation
Term
ideal mechanical advantage
Definition
the mechanical advantage that a machine would have without friction
Term
inclined plane
Definition

a simple machine consisting of a flat surface with one end higher than the other

Term
wedge
Definition
a simple machine consisting of a device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other
Term
screw
Definition
a simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral
Term
lever
Definition
a simple machine consisting of a rigid object that pivots about a fixed point
Term
fulcrum
Definition
the fixed point around which a lever pivots
Term
wheel and axle
Definition
a simple machine consisting of two circular or cylindrical objects that are fastened together and rootate about a common axis
Term
pulley
Definition
a simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel around which is wrapped a rope, chain, or cable
Term
compound machine
Definition
a device that combines two or more simple machines
Term
tendon
Definition
strong connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
Term
gears
Definition
two or more wheels linked together by interlocking teeth
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