Shared Flashcard Set

Details

chapter 5 continued
chapter 5
14
Biology
Undergraduate 3
07/29/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is a piercing point?
Definition
where some linear feature offset by a fault intersects or pierces the fault surface. Examples of linear features that can serve as piercing points include stream channels, fences, roads, or railroad tracks
Term
if the hanging wall wall block moves down relative to the footwall and the motion is pure dip slip, then the fault is a _____________ fault.
Definition
normal
Term
if the hanging wall block moves up to the footwall and the motion is pure dip slip, then the fault is a _________ fault.
Definition
reverse
Term
if a force is applied to specific surface, then it is a ___________ force.
Definition
surface
Term
stress is the _______ of the applied force.
Definition
intensity
Term
When a stress is applied to a body of rock, it commonly changes its shape. a change in shape is a ___________. Another term used to describe a change is shape is __________.
Definition
distortion ; strain
Term
What is a locked fault, and how does it differ from a creeping one?
Definition
locked faults are faults that have not experienced rupture in some time, and, as a result, large amounts of elastic strain energy can build up. In contrast, creeping faults rupture often, and, as a result, large amounts of elastic strain ennergy do not build up.
Term
When a fault ruptures, both heat and seismic energy are given off. what form does the seismic energy take?
Definition
the seismic energy given off by a rupturing fault takes the form of seismic waves
Term
all rocks have a breaking point. If we increase the stress on an elastic rock to to this rock-dependent breaking value, then it will break or fracture resulting in the formation of a new fault. However, if a fault already exists, then the stress required for slip to occur on it will be lower than that required to form a new fault. the stress required to initiate movement on an already existng fault called the _________ or _________ stress.
Definition
maximum ; static
Term
because plates are constantly moving, they are always stressed. when this stress builds up to the maximum or static stress value for a particular fault, then slip will occur. Once movement on the fault has been initiated what happens to the stress, i.e., does it fall or rise?
Definition
Once movement occurs, the stress on the fault begins begins to srop immediately.
Term
along plate boundaries, following cessation of motion along a fault, what happens to the stress on the fault?
Definition
after motion on the fault ceases, the stress on the fault begins to immediately build back up
Term
briefly explain below the stick-slip mechanism of fault behavior along plate boundaries.
Definition
stick refers to the fact that after a fault ruptures it stops moving and appears to be stuck. however, the stress begins to immediately build back up evenyually reaching the maximum or static stress value, and slip again occurs.
Term
if the maximum or static stress value is not reached, then a fault along a plate boundary will continue to build up elastic strain ________.
Definition
energy
Term
what is a locked fault, and how does it differ from a creeping one?
Definition
locked faults are faults that have not experienced rupture in some time, and, as a result, large amounts of elastic strain energy build up. in contrast, creeping faults rupture often, and as a result, large amounts of elastic strain energy do not build up.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!