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Chapter 4, CHEM 105
Intructor: Angela McGuirk, MMCC
22
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
01/10/2011

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Term
Anion
Definition
A negatively charged ion
Term
Bent
Definition
The shape of a molecule with two bonded atoms and two lone pairs
Term
Cation
Definition
A positively charged ion
Term
Dipole
Definition
The separation of positive and negative charges in a polar bond indicated by an arrow that is drawn from the more positive atom to the more negative atom
Term
Dipole-dipole attractions
Definition
Attractive forces between oppositely charged ends of polar molecules
Term
Double bond
Definition
A sharing of two pairs of electrons by two atoms
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
The relative ability of an element to attract electrons in a bond
Term
Formula
Definition
The group of symbols and subscripts that represents the atoms or ions in a compound
Term
Ion
Definition
An atom or group of atoms having an electrical charge because of a loss or gain of electrons
Term
Ionic charge
Definition
The difference between the number of protons (positive charge) and the number of electrons (negative charge) written in the upper right hand corner of the symbol for the element or polyatomic ion
Term
Molecule
Definition
The smallest unit of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Term
Nonpolar covalent bond
Definition
A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally between atoms
Term
Nonpolar molecule
Definition
A molecule that has only nonpolar bonds or in which the bond dipoles cancel
Term
Octet
Definition
Eight valence electrons
Term
Octet rule
Definition
Elements in Groups 1A-7A react with other elements by forming ionic or covalent bonds to produce a noble gas arrangement , usually 8 electrons in the outer shell
Term
Polar covalent bond
Definition
A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared unequally between atoms
Term
Polar molecule
Definition
A molecule containing bond dipoles that do not cancel
Term
Polyatomic ion
Definition
A group of covalently bonded nonmetal atoms that has an overall electrical charge
Term
Pyramidal
Definition
The shape of a molecule that has three bonded atoms and one lone pair around a central atom
Term
Tetrahedral
Definition
The shape of a molecule with four bonded atoms
Term
Triple bond
Definition
A sharing of three pairs of electrons by two atoms
Term
Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory
Definition
A theory that predicts the shape of a molecule by placing the electron pairs on a central atom as far apart as possible to minimize the mutual repulsion of the electrons
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