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Chapter 4
Radiation Fish
13
Biology
Undergraduate 3
03/02/2014

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Term
Gnathostome synapomorphies
Definition
Jaws, paired fins, teeth, scales
Term
Placodermi
Definition
Benthic, large, dentritus eaters or active predators. Radiation of very derived forms. Ossified arches around prevertebrae.
Term
Condrichthyes
Definition
Fin structure, cartlaginous skeleton, serial tooth replacement.

Secondary loss of bone. Cartilaginous skeleton, internal fertilization
Synapomorphies: secondary loss of bone, cartilage skeletons, internal fertilization. This includes sharks, dorgfish, rays, and mantees.
Term
Elasmobranchii
Definition
Spiracles. (first gill slits, brings oxygen to brain and eye)
Term
Holocephali
Definition
No caudal fin, no scales, upper jaw fused to brain case.
Term
Teleostomi
Definition
3 semi circular canals and otoliths. Ossified operculum. Neural and hemal arches.
Term
Acanthodii
Definition
Notochord with neural and hemal spines. Partial exoskeleton. Heterocercal tail
Term
Heterocercal tails vs Homocercal tails
Definition
Heterocercal tails generate lift.
Homocercal tails only allow lift with air sacs
Term
Actinopterygii
Definition
Ray finned fishes. Possess muscle/bones to support fin within body.

Synapomorphies: Fin rays. Fins with bony girdles
Term
Paleonisciformes
Definition
Earliest bony fish. Cartilaginous notochord (derived loss of bone) Heterocercal tail
Term
Neopterygii
Definition
Terminal bony fish. Aka radiation fish.

Syn: Skull modifications increase jaw mobility. Founder thinner scales, homocercal tail, ossified vertebrae. Swim bladder.
Term
Sarcopterygii
Definition
Fleshy lobe fins. Include lung fish, coelacanth, etc. Less diverse fish.

Syn: Pectoral and pelvic pairs of fins at end of short muscular appendages. Rhipidistia are extinct kinds. THey possessed notochords with ossified neural/hemal arches.
Term
Tetrapoda
Definition
Inherited from radiation of fishes: paired appendages, jaws, vertebrae, lungs.
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