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Chapter 4
Sensing and Perceiving
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/11/2013

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Term
Sensation
Definition
Stimulation of a sense organ
Term
Perception
Definition
Organization and interpretation of sensation
Term
Absolute Threshold
Definition
Smallest amount of a signal that we can just barely detect
Term
Just Noticeable Difference
Definition
Change in a stimulus that can just be detected by the organism
Term
Weber's Law
Definition
Just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion of the original intensity of the stimulus
Term
Cornea
Definition
Protects eye and begins to focus incoming light
Term
Pupil
Definition
Small opening in the center of the eye
Term
Iris
Definition
Colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil by constricting of dilating
Term
Lens
Definition
Focuses incoming light on the retina
Term
Retina
Definition
Layer of tissue at the back of the eye. Images appear upside down and backward
Term
Optic Nerve
Definition
Sends visual information to the brain via the thalamus. Responsible for blind spot in our vision
Term
Blind Spot
Definition
No photoreceptor cells. Where optic nerve leaves the retina.
Term
Rods
Definition
Black, white, and grey. See in the dark. Detects when something is there.
Term
Cones
Definition
Fine detail and colors. Closer to center of the eye.
Term
Trichromatic Color Theory
Definition
What color we see depends on the mix of signals from 3 types of cones (Blue, Green, Red)
Term
Opponent Process Color Theory
Definition
We analyze sensory information in 3 sets of opponent colors. White-Black, Red-Green, Yellow-Blue. Explain after images.
Term
Gestait
Definition
A meaningful, organized whole
Term
Closure
Definition
Fill in gaps
Term
Similarity
Definition
put similar items together
Term
Proximity
Definition
Put nearby figures together
Term
Monocular Depth Cues
Definition
Perceive depth using 1 eye, relative size (smaller/further). Interposition - object overlapping is closer
Term
Binocular Depth Cues
Definition
Caused by retinal disparity - requires 2 eyes
Term
Decibel
Definition
Unit of relative loudness
Term
Loudness
Definition
Degree of sound volume, how many hair cells are vibrating
Term
Basic Tastes
Definition
Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, spicy, and umami
Term
McGurk Effect
Definition
An error in perception that occurs when we misperceive sounds because the audio and visual parts of the speech are mismatched.
Term
Selective Attention
Definition
Ability to focus on some sensory inputs while ignoring others
Term
Cocktail Party Phenomenon
Definition
When you hear your name mentioned by someone in another part of the room even when talking to someone else
Term
Sensory Adaption
Definition
A decreased sensitivity to a stimulus after prolonged exposure
Term
Ponzo Illusion
Definition
Monocular depth cue of linear perspective leads us to believe that, given two similar objects, the distant one can only cast the same size retinal image as the closer object if it is larger.
Term
Mueller-Lyer Illusion
Definition
One line looks longer when arrow ends are added
Term
Visual Illusions
Definition
When we experience something that doesn't exist or is incorrect
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