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Chapter 4
Sensation and Perception
31
Psychology
12th Grade
10/11/2010

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Term
Sensation
Definition
the stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the brain
Term
Perception
Definition
the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
Term
Absolute Threshold
Definition
the smallest amount of a particular stimulus that can be detected
Term
Difference Threshold
Definition
the minimum difference that an individual can detect between two stimuli
Term
Signal-Detection Theory
Definition
the idea that distinguishing sensory stimuli takes into account not only the strength of the stimuli but also such elements as setting and one's physical state, mood, and attitudes
Term
Sensory Adaptation
Definition
the process by which an organism becomes more sensitive to stimuli that are low in magnitude and less sensitive to stimuli that are constant
Term
Pupil
Definition
the opening in the center of the eye that adjusts to allow light to enter
Term
Lens
Definition
the transparent structure of the eye that focuses light on the retina
Term
Retina
Definition
the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye that contains the rods, cones, and neurons that process visual stimuli
Term
Photoreceptors
Definition
neurons that respond to light
Term
Blind Spot
Definition
the part of the retina that contains no photoreceptors
Term
Visual Acuity
Definition
keenness or sharpness of vision
Term
Complementary
Definition
the colors across from each other on the color circle
Term
Afterimage
Definition
the visual sensation the occurs after the original stimulus has been removed
Term
Cochlea
Definition
the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that transmits sound impulses to the auditory nerve
Term
Auditory Nerve
Definition
the cranial nerve that carries sound from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain
Term
Conductive Deafness
Definition
hearing loss caused by damage to the middle ear, thus interfering with the transmission of sound waves to the cochlea
Term
Senseorineural Deafness
Definition
deafness that results from damage to the auditory nerve
Term
Olfactory Nerve
Definition
the nerve that transmits information about odors from olfactory receptors to the brain
Term
Gate Theory
Definition
the suggestion that only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a given time
Term
Vestibular Sense
Definition
the sense that provides information about the position of the body
Term
Kinesthesis
Definition
the sense that provides information about the position and movement of individual body parts
Term
Closure
Definition
the tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in sensory information
Term
Proximity
Definition
the perceptual tendency to group together visual and auditory events that are near each other
Term
Similarity
Definition
the perceptual tendency to group together elements that seem alike
Term
Continuity
Definition
the perceptual tendency to group stimuli into continuous patterns
Term
Common Fate
Definition
the tendency to perceive objects that are moving together as belonging together
Term
Stroboscopic Motion
Definition
a visual illusion in which the perception motion is generated by the presentation of a series of stationary images in rapid succession
Term
Monocular Cues
Definition
cues for distance that may be available to either eye alone
Term
Binocular Cues
Definition
visual cues for depth that require both eyes
Term
Retinal Disparity
Definition
a binocular cue for perceiving depth based on the difference between the two images of an object that retina receives as the object moves closer or farther away
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