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Chapter 4
Sensation and Perception
47
Psychology
12th Grade
02/09/2010

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Term
sensation
Definition
the process of receiving information from the environment
Term
perception
Definition
the process of assembling and organizing sensory information to make it meaningful
Term
white light
Definition
light as it originates from the sun or a bulb before it is broken into different frequencies
Term
cornea
Definition
the clear outer covering of the eye, behind which is a fluid
Term
iris
Definition
a colored circular muscle that opens and closes, forming larger and smaller circles to control the amount of light getting into the eye
Term
lens
Definition
the part of the eye that focuses an object on the back of the eye
Term
pupil
Definition
the opening in the eye
Term
retina
Definition
the back of the eye, which contains millions of receptors for light
Term
blind spot
Definition
the portion of the retina through which the optic nerve exits and where there are no receptors for light waves
Term
rod
Definition
a visual receptor most sensitive to the violet-purple wavelength; very sensitive for night vision; "sees" only black and white
Term
cone
Definition
a visual receptor that responds during daylight; receives color
Term
color blindness
Definition
inability to perceive certain colors, such as red and green
Term
afterimage
Definition
the firing of the cones not used after viewing something steadily in order to bring the visual system back into balance
Term
audition
Definition
the sense of hearing
Term
pitch
Definition
how high or low a sound is
Term
timbre
Definition
the complexity of a sound
Term
intensity
Definition
how loud a sound is
Term
decibles
Definition
a measure of how loud a sound is (its intensity)
Term
eardrum
Definition
a piece of skin stretched over the entrance to the ear; vibrates to sound
Term
cochlea
Definition
a snail-shaped part of the ear, filled with fluid and small hairs that vibrate to incoming sound
Term
hair cells
Definition
receptor cells for hearing and sense of smell; found in the cochlea and the nasal cavity
Term
auditory nerve
Definition
bundle of nerves carrying sound to the brain
Term
cutaneous receptors
Definition
the nerve receptors in the skin that respond to pressure, temperature, or pain
Term
olfaction
Definition
the sense of smell
Term
cilia
Definition
tiny haris (that receive odor molecules). Some act as receptors in the nose
Term
olfactory bulbs
Definition
units that receive odor molecules and communicate their nature to the brain
Term
pheromones
Definition
odor chemicals that communicate a message
Term
taste receptors
Definition
chemical receptors on the tongue that decode molecules of food or drink to identify them
Term
size constancy
Definition
the ability to retain the size of an object regardless of where it is located
Term
color constancy
Definition
the ability
Term
size constancy
Definition
the ability to retain the size of an object regardless of where it is located
Term
color constancy
Definition
the ability to perceive an object as the same color regardless of the environment
Term
brightness constancy
Definition
by taking an average, the human visual network keeps brightness constant as an object is moved to various environments
Term
space constancy
Definition
the ability to keep objects in the environment steady
Term
depth perception
Definition
the ability to see objects in space
Term
visual cliff
Definition
a large table with plexiglas, used to demonstrate depth perception in small children
Term
Ealanor Gibson
Definition
the experimentor who performed the visual cliff tests on small children
Term
binocular disparity
Definition
the difference between the image provided by each eye. When the images are brought together in the brain, they provide a sense of depth
Term
visual texture
Definition
depth perception based on how rough or smooth objects appear
Term
gestalt
Definition
organized whole, shape, or form
Term
similatiry
Definition
a perceptual cue in which we group like things together
Term
closure
Definition
the process of filling in the missing details of what is viewed
Term
proximity
Definition
a perceptual cue in which we group together things that are near one another
Term
illusion
Definition
an inaccurate perception
Term
muller-lyer illusion
Definition
two pictures in which one line seems longer than the other but really isn't
Term
reversible figure
Definition
an illusion in which the same object is seen as two alternating figures - first one, then the other
Term
subliminal perception
Definition
stimulation presented below the level of consciousness
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