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Chapter 4 Learning
Psychology 110 Rittter University of Tennessee
17
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/06/2012

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Term
avoidance conditioning
Definition
A situation in which a response can prevent the delivery of an aversive stimulus, such as when a rat learns to jump over a barrier to avoid a shock.
Term
classical conditioning
Definition
A set of procedures used to investigate how organisms learn about the signaling properties of events. Classical conditioning involves learning relations between events—conditioned andunconditioned stimuli—that occur outside of one’s control.
Term
conditioned inhibition
Definition
Learning that an event signals the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.
Term
conditioned reinforcer
Definition
A stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through prior learning.
Term
Conditioned response (CR)
Definition
The acquired response that is produced by the conditioned stimulus in anticipation of the unconditioned stimulus.
Term
conditioned stimulus (CS)
Definition
The neutral stimulus that is paired with the unconditioned stimulus during classical conditioning.
Term
discriminative stimulus
Definition
The stimulus situation that sets the occasion for a response to be followed by reinforcement or punishment.
Term
escape conditioning
Definition
A situation in which a response can reduce or eliminate an unpleasant stimulus, such as when a rat escapes an ongoing shock by jumping over a barrier.
Term
extinction
Definition
Presenting a conditioned stimulus repeatedly, after conditioning, without the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a loss in responding.
Term
fixed-interval (FI) schedule
Definition
A schedule in which the reinforcement is delivered for the first response that occurs following a fixed interval of time.
Term
fixed-ratio (FR) schedule
Definition
A schedule in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is fixed and does not change.
Term
habituation
Definition
a. The decline in responsiveness to a stimulus that is repeatedly presented.
b. The decline in the tendency to respond to an event that has become familiar through repeated exposure.
Term
law of effect
Definition
If a response in a particular situation is followed by a satisfying consequence, it will be strengthened. If a response in a particular situation is followed by an unsatisfying consequence, it will be weakened.
Term
learning
Definition
A relatively permanent change in behavior, or potential behavior, that results from experience.
Term
modeling
Definition
a. The natural tendency to imitate the behavior of significant others.

b. A behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations.
Term
negative punishment
Definition
An event that, when removed after a response, lowers the likelihood of that response occurring again.
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
An event that, when removed after a response, increases the likelihood of that response occurring again.
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