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Chapter 3 Vocabulary: 2
AP Psychology
29
Psychology
12th Grade
10/02/2012

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Term
Gate-control theory
Definition
The idea that incoming pain sensations must pass through a “gate“ in the spinal cord that can be closed, thus blocking pain signals.
Term
Gestalt psychology
Definition
A theoretical orientation based on the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Term
Gustatory system
Definition
The sensory system for taste.
Term
Impossible figures
Definition
Objects that can be represented in two-dimensional pictures but cannot exist in three- dimensional space.
Term
Just noticeable difference (JND)
Definition
The smallest difference in the amount of stimulation that a specific sense can detect.
Term
Kinesthetic system
Definition
The sensory system that monitors the positions of the various parts of one's body.
Term
Lateral antagonism
Definition
A process in the retina that occurs when neural activity in a cell opposes activity in surrounding cells.
Term
Lens
Definition
The transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays falling on the retina.
Term
Light adaptation
Definition
The process whereby the eyes become less sensitive to light in high illumination.
Term
Monocular depth cues
Definition
Clues about distance based on the image from either eye alone.
Term
Motion parallax
Definition
Cue to depth that involves images of objects at different distances moving across the retina at different rates.
Term
Nearsightedness
Definition
A vision deficiency in which close objects are seen clearly but distant objects appear blurry.
Term
Olfactory system
Definition
The sensory system for smell.
Term
Opponent process theory
Definition
The theory that color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses
to three pairs of colors.
Term
Optic chiasm
Definition
The point at which the optic nerves from the inside half of each eye cross over and then project to the opposite half of the brain.
Term
Optic disk
Definition
A hole in the retina where the optic nerve fibers exit the eye.
Term
Optical illusion
Definition
An apparently inexplicable discrepancy between the appearance of a visual stimulus and its physical reality.
Term
Parallel processing
Definition
Simultaneously extracting different kinds of information from the same input.
Term
Perception
Definition
The selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input.
Term
Perceptual constancy
Definition
A tendency to experience a stable perception in the face of continually changing sensory input.
Term
Perceptual hypothesis
Definition
An inference about which distal stimuli could be responsible for the proximal stimuli sensed.
Term
Perceptual set
Definition
A readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way.
Term
Phi phenomenon
Definition
The illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession.
Term
Pictorial depth cues
Definition
Clues about distance that can be given in a flat picture.
Term
Place theory
Definition
The idea that perception of pitch corresponds to the vibration of different portions, or places, along the basilar membrane.
Term
Placebo effects
Definition
The fact that subjects' expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment.
Term
Proximal stimuli
Definition
The stimulus energies that impinge directly on sensory receptors.
Term
Psychophysics
Definition
The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience.
Term
Pupil
Definition
The opening in the center of the iris that helps regulate the amount of light passing into the rear chamber of the eye.
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