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Chapter 3 Vocab
vocab terms
53
Social Studies
11th Grade
11/26/2012

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Term
article
Definition
one of seven main divisions of the body of the constitution
Term
ratify
Definition
to approve
Term
petition
Definition
an appeal
Term
balanced budget
Definition
plan requiring that what the government spends will not exceed its income
Term
impeach
Definition
an accuse a public official of misconduct in office
Term
treaty
Definition
a formal agreement between the governments of two or more countries
Term
executive agreement
Definition
an agreement made between the president and a head of state
Term
judicial restraint
Definition
the philosophy that the supreme court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions
Term
judicial activism
Definition
the philosophy that the Supreme Court should play an active role in shaping national policies by addressing social and political issues
Term
Incorporation Doctrine
Definition
process that extended the protections of the Bill of Rights against the actions of state and local governments
Term
prior restraint
Definition
government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast
Term
probable cause
Definition
reasonable basis to believe a person or premises is linked to a crime
Term
search warrant
Definition
an order signed by a judge describing a specific place to be searched for specific items
Term
arrest warrant
Definition
order signed by a judge naming the individual to be arrested for a specific crime
Term
due process
Definition
priniciple in the 5th Amendment stating that the governments must follow proper constitutional procedures in trials and in other actions it takes against individuals
Term
eminent domain
Definition
power of the government to take private property for public use
Term
lame duck
Definition
outgoing official serving out the remainder of a term, after retiring or being defeated for reelection
Term
poll tax
Definition
money paid in order to vote
Term
demonstrations
Definition
public display of feelings about a cause or person
Term
jurisdiction
Definition
authority of a court to rule on certain cases
Term
supremacy clause
Definition
statement in article VI of the constitution establishing that the Consitution, laws passes by Congress, and treaties of the US "shall be the Supreme Law of the Land"
Term
amendments
Definition
a change to the Constitution
Term
popular sovereignty
Definition
rule by the people
Term
federalism
Definition
system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
Term
separation of powers
Definition
the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
Term
checks and balances
Definition
the system where each branch of government exercises some control over the others
Term
veto
Definition
rejection of a bill
Term
judicial review
Definition
the power of the Supreme court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional
Term
republican
Definition
government in which voters hold sovereign power; elected representatives, responsible to the people, exercise that power
Term
limited government
Definition
a system in which the power of the government is limited not absolute
Term
marbury vs. madison
Definition
The landmark decision helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the American form of government.
Term
expressed powers
Definition
powers directly states in the constitution
Term
enumerated powers
Definition
list of items found in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution that set forth the authoritative capacity of Congress.
Term
elastic clause
Definition
necessary and proper clause
Term
federal bureaucracy
Definition
The federal bureaucracy performs three primary tasks in government: implementation, administration, and regulation.
Term
McCullough vs. Maryland
Definition
The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution, which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution's list of express powers, provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution.
Term
jurisdiction
Definition
authority of a court to rule on certain cases
Term
supremacy clause
Definition
statement in article VI of the constitution establishing that the Consitution, laws passes by Congress, and treaties of the US "shall be the Supreme Law of the Land"
Term
amendments
Definition
a change to the Constitution
Term
popular sovereignty
Definition
rule by the people
Term
federalism
Definition
system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
Term
separation of powers
Definition
the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
Term
checks and balances
Definition
the system where each branch of government exercises some control over the others
Term
veto
Definition
rejection of a bill
Term
judicial review
Definition
the power of the Supreme court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional
Term
republican
Definition
government in which voters hold sovereign power; elected representatives, responsible to the people, exercise that power
Term
limited government
Definition
a system in which the power of the government is limited not absolute
Term
marbury vs. madison
Definition
The landmark decision helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the American form of government.
Term
expressed powers
Definition
powers directly states in the constitution
Term
enumerated powers
Definition
list of items found in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution that set forth the authoritative capacity of Congress.
Term
elastic clause
Definition
necessary and proper clause
Term
federal bureaucracy
Definition
The federal bureaucracy performs three primary tasks in government: implementation, administration, and regulation.
Term
McCullough vs. Maryland
Definition
The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution, which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution's list of express powers, provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution.
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