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Chapter 3: Eliciited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning
Basic Learning Principles
24
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
10/13/2013

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Term
Appetitive Conditioning
Definition
Conditioning procedure in which the US is an event that an organism approaches or seeks out.
Term
Aversive Conditioning
Definition
Conditioning procedure in which the US is an event that an organism avoids.
Term
Backward Conditioning
Definition
Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS follows the onset of the US.
Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
A process whereby 1 stimulus that does not elicit a certain response is associated with a second stimulus that does; as a result, the first stimulus also comes to elicit a response.
Term
Conditioned Response (CR)
Definition
The response, often similar to the unconditioned response, that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus.
Term
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Definition
Any stimulus that, although initially neutral, comes to elicit a response because it has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
Term
Delayed Conditioning
Definition
Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS precedes the onset of the US, and the 2 stimuli overlap.
Term
Dishabituation
Definition
The reappearance of a habituated response to a stimulus following the presentation of another, seemingly irrelevant novel stimulus.
Term
Excitatory Conditioning
Definition
Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the "presentation" of a US.
Term
Fixed Action Pattern
Definition
A fixed sequence of response elicited by a specific stimulus.
Term
Flexion Response
Definition
The automatic response of jerking one's hand or foot away from a hot or sharp object.
Term
Habituation
Definition
A decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus.
Term
Inhibitory Conditioning
Definition
Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the "absence" or "removal" of a US.
Term
Opponent-process Theory
Definition
A theory processing that an emotional event elicits 2 competing processes: (1) an a-process (or primary process) directly elicited directly by the event, and (2) a b-process (or opponent process) that is elicited by the a-process and serves to counteract the a-process.
Term
Orienting Response
Definition
The automatic positioning of oneself to facilitate attending to a stimulus.
Term
Reflex
Definition
A relatively simple, involuntary response to a stimulus.
Term
Reflex Arc
Definition
A neutral structure that underlies many reflexes and consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron.
Term
Sensitization
Definition
An increase in the strength of an elicited response following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus.
Term
Sign Stimulus (or releaser)
Definition
A specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern.
Term
Simultaneous Conditioning
Definition
Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS and the onset of the US are simultaneous.
Term
Startle Response
Definition
A defensive reaction to a sudden, unexpected stimulus, which involves automatic tightening of skeletal muscles and various hormonal and visceral changes.
Term
Trace Conditioning
Definition
Conditioning procedure in which the onset and offset of the NS precede the onset of the US.
Term
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Definition
The response that is naturally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus without any prior learning.
Term
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Definition
A stimulus that naturally elicits a response without any prior learning.
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