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Chapter 3
Water and the Fitness of the Environment
28
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/25/2012

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Term
polar molecule
Definition
the two ends of the molecules have opposite charges
Term
cohesion
Definition
the binding together of molecules
Term
adhesion
Definition
the clinging of one substance to another
Term
surface tension
Definition
a measure of how difficult it is to stretch/break the surface of a liquid
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
the energy of motion
Term
heat
Definition

total amount of KE due to the random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; also called thermal energy

-depends in part on the matter's volume

Term
temperature
Definition
measure of heat intensity that represents avg KE of  a molecule
Term
Celsius scale (°C)
Definition

water freezes @ O °C

human body temp @ 37 °C

water boils @ 100 °C

room temp @ 20-25 °C

Term
calorie (cal)
Definition
amount of heat it takes to raise the temp of 1 g of water by 1°C
Term
joule (J)
Definition

1 J=0.239 cal

1 cal= 4.184 J

Term
specific heat
Definition
amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temp by 1°C
Term
heat of vaporization
Definition
quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted to the gaseous state
Term
evaporative cooling
Definition
the property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of the molecules w/the greatest KE to the gaseous state
Term
solution
Definition
a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances
Term
solvent
Definition
dissolving agent of solution
Term
solute
Definition
substance that is dissolved
Term
aqueous solution
Definition

one in which water is the solvent

-water= THE SOLVENT OF LIFE

Term
hydration shell
Definition
sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion
Term
hydrophilic
Definition
any substance that has an affinity for water
Term
colloid
Definition
a stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid
Term
hydrophobic
Definition
substances that repel water
Term
molecular mass
Definition
sum of masses of all the atoms in a molecule
Term
mole (mol)
Definition
6.022x10^23
Term
Molarity
Definition
# of moles of solute L of solution
Term
acid
Definition
a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Term
base
Definition
a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Term
equations for pH
Definition

[H+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14

 

pH = -log[H+]

Term
buffer
Definition
substances that minimize changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution
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