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Chapter 3
Compounds Putting Particles Together
75
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
02/15/2013

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Term
What is true of the Group 8A elements?
Definition
They are chemically nonreactive under all, but extreme conditions, meaning that the atoms of these gases are highly stable.
Term
What group are chemically nonreactive under all but extreme conditions, meaning that these atoms are highly stable.
Definition
The Noble Gases (Group 8A)
Term
What is the octet rule?
Definition
Atoms react with other atoms to obtain eight electrons in their outer shell.
Term
What is an ion?
Definition
An atom with a charge due to an unequal number of protons and electrons.
Term
What is an anion?
Definition
An ion with a net negative charge; formed when an atom gains electrons.
Term
What does isoelectronic mean?
Definition
Having the same number of electrons.
Term
What is a cation?
Definition
An ion with a net positive charge, formed when an atom gives up electrons.
Term
What is a polyatomic ion?
Definition
A group of atoms that interact to form an ion.
Term
How do you name a simple ion like sodium?
Definition
Sodium ion.
Term
How do you name a transition metal like (Fe^2+)
Definition
Iron (II) ion.
Term
How do you name an ion of a nonmetal like florine?
Definition
Floride.
Term
When is the -ite ending used for polyatomic ions?
Definition
When related ions have one less oxygen atom.
Term
What is an ionic bond?
Definition
The strong attraction between an anion and a cation.
Term
What is an ionic compound.
Definition
The result of two or more ions attracted by ionic bonds to forma new electrically neutral species.
Term
What is a covalent bond?
Definition
The result of atoms sharing electrons in order to achieve an octet in their valence shells.
Term
What happens to the electrons in a covalent bond?
Definition
They are shared.
Term
What is a covalent compound?
Definition
A type of compound made up of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Term
What is a molecule?
Definition
The smallest unit of a covalent compound; formed when two or more nonmetal atoms are joined by covalent bonds.
Term
What is a bonding pair?
Definition
A pair of electrons shared by two atoms to form a covalent bond.
Term
What is a pair of electrons shared by two atoms to form a covalent bond?
Definition
A bonding pair.
Term
What is a lone pair?
Definition
A pair of electrons belonging to only one atom. (also called a nonbonded pair)
Term
What is a pair of electrons that belong to only one atom?
Definition
A lone pair (nonbonded pair)
Term
What is a molecular formula?
Definition
The chemical formula of a molecular compound that represents all atoms in a molecule.
Term
What is the Lewis Structure?:
Definition
A chemical formula used for covalent compounds to show the number, type, and connectivity of atoms in a molecule.
Term
What are binary compounds?
Definition
Covalent compounds that are composed of only two elements.
Term
What are covalent compounds that are composed of only two elements.
Definition
Binary compounds.
Term
Name the greek prefixes.
Definition
mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta
Term
What are the two exceptions for the rules for naming binary covalent compounds?
Definition
H2O as water and NH3 as ammonia.
Term
What is hydrioxide?
Definition
OH -
Term
What is OH-?
Definition
Hydroxide.
Term
What is ammonium?
Definition
NH4 +
Term
What is NH4 +?
Definition
Ammonium.
Term
What is nitrate?
Definition
NO3 -
Term
What is NO3 -?
Definition
Nitrate.
Term
What is NO2 -?
Definition
Nitrite.
Term
What is nitrite?
Definition
NO2 -
Term
What is chlorate?
Definition
ClO3 -
Term
What is ClO3 -?
Definition
Chlorate.
Term
What is ClO2 -?
Definition
Chlorite.
Term
What is chlorite?
Definition
ClO2 -
Term
What is carbonate?
Definition
CO3 2-
Term
What is CO3 2-?
Definition
Carbonate
Term
What is HCO3 -?
Definition
Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
Term
What is hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)?
Definition
HCO3 -
Term
What is Cyanide?
Definition
CN -
Term
What is CN -?
Definition
Cynanide.
Term
What is C2H3O2 -?
Definition
Acetate.
Term
What is Acetate?
Definition
C2H3O2 -
Term
What is Sulfate?
Definition
SO4 2-
Term
What is SO4 2-?
Definition
Sulfate.
Term
What is HSO4 -?
Definition
Hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)
Term
What is hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)?
Definition
HSO4 -
Term
What is sulfite?
Definition
SO3 2-
Term
What is SO3 2-?
Definition
Sulfite
Term
What is HSO3 -?
Definition
Hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)
Term
What is Hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)?
Definition
HSO3 -
Term
What is PO4 3-?
Definition
Phosphate
Term
What is phosphate?
Definition
PO4 3-
Term
What is HPO4 2-?
Definition
Hydrogen phosphate
Term
What is hydrogen phosphate?
Definition
HPO4 2-
Term
What is Dihydrogen phosphate?
Definition
H2PO4 -
Term
What is H2PO4 -?
Definition
Dihydrogen Phosphate.
Term
What is PO3 3-?
Definition
Phosphite.
Term
What is Phosphite?
Definition
PO3 3-
Term
What is a combustion reaction?
Definition
A reaction with Oxygen
Term
What is a single replacement reaction?
Definition
When one atom replaced another atom in a second compound.
Term
What are the possible Chromium ions?
Definition
2 and 3
Term
What are the possible Iron ions?
Definition
2 and 3
Term
What are the possible Copper ions?
Definition
1 and 2
Term
What are the possible Zn ions?
Definition
2
Term
What are the possible Silver ions?
Definition
1
Term
What are the possible Cadmium ions?
Definition
2
Term
What are the possible Gold ions?
Definition
1 and 3
Term
What are the possible Tin ions?
Definition
2 and 4
Term
What are the possible Lead ions?
Definition
2 and 4
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