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Chapter 3
Observing MIcroorganism through microscope
35
Biology
Undergraduate 2
07/16/2008

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Term
A microscope with only one lens
Definition
Simple microscope
Term
Microscope where the objective lens is magnified again by the ocular lens
Definition
Compound microscope
Term
What is the total magnification?
Definition
objective lens + ocular lens power
Term
The ability of the lense to distinguish two points
Definition
resolution
Term

T/ F?

Shorter wavelengths of light provide greater resolution

Definition
TRUE
Term
The light bending ability of a medium
Definition
Refractive index
Term
What is used to keep the light from bending?
Definition
Using immersion oil
Term
Type of microscope that views dark objects against a bright background. Light reflected off of the speciment does not enter the objective either.
Definition
Brightfield illumination microscope
Term
Microscope that light objects are viewed against a dark background. Light reflected off the specimen enters through the objective lens
Definition
Darkfield illumination microscope
Term
Microscopy that accentuates diffraction of the light that passes through a specimen
Definition
Phase-contrast microscopy
Term
Microscopy that accentuates diffraction of the light that passes through a speciment and uses 2 beams of light
Definition
Differential interference contrast microscopy
Term
Microscopy that involves using UV lights. The substance absorbs UV lights + emits visible light.
Definition
Fluorescence Microscopy
Term
Microscopy that involves the use of fluorochromes and a laser light. The laser light illuminates each plane in a specimen to produce a 3d image
Definition
confocal microscopy
Term
Type of microscopy that measures sound waves that are reflected back from an object. Used to study cells attached to a surface.
Definition
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy
Term
Microscopy that involves the use of electrons instead of lights.
Definition
Electron microscopy
Term
Type of microscopy that uses ultra thin sections of specimens. Light passes through specimen, then an electromagnetic lens, to a screen or film
Definition
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Term
A microscopy that uses an electron gun produces a beam of electrons that scans the surface of a whole specimen.
Definition
Scanning electron microscopy
Term

microscopy uses a metal probe to scan a specimen

Definition
Scanning Probe Microscopy
Term
Uses a metal and diamond probe inserted into the specimen
Definition
Atomic force microscopy
Term
A thin film of a solution of microbes on a slide
Definition
smear
Term

Whats the purpose of fixing a smear?

Definition

To attach the microbes to the slide and to kill the microbes

Term
In a basic dye, the chromophore is _______
Definition
cation
Term

In an acidic dye, the chromophore is a _______

Definition
anion
Term

What is negative staining?

Definition
Staining the background instead of the cell
Term

Simple stain

Definition

use of a single basic dye

Term
Whats the purpose of a mordant?
Definition
It is used to hold in a stain or make the specimen larger
Term
The gram stain classifies the stains into 2 results
Definition

gram positive

gram negative

Term
Which gram result bacteria tend to be killed by penicillin
Definition
Gram positive bacteria
Term

Which gram result bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics

Definition

Gram negative bacteria

Term
What are the 3 common microbial shapes?
Definition

cocci

spiral

rods

Term

Type of stain that tests for cells that retain a basic stain in the presence of acid-alcohol

Definition
acid fast stain
Term
What occurs in non-acid fast cells?
Definition
They lose the basic stain when rinsed with acid alcohol and are counterstained with a different color to see the difference.
Term
What is negative staining useful for?
Definition
capsules
Term
What is required to drive a stain into endospores?
Definition
Heat
Term
What does flagella stain require to make the flagella wide enough to see?
Definition
mordant
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