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chapter 34
ecology
43
Science
10th Grade
05/01/2008

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Term
ecology
Definition
the study of an organism interation with their enviorment
Term
organismal level
Definition
ecologists may  study how one organism meets the challenges of its enviorment  
Term
population level
Definition
ecologists study the factors that limit a populations size
Term
community level
Definition
ecologists might focus on interspecies relationships
Term
ecosystem interactions include....
Definition
living (biotic) communities and nonliving (abiotic) and chemical factors
Term
biosphere
Definition

total of all the earths ecosystems

- global ecosystems

Term
what characterizes the biosphere
Definition
patchiness of the enviorment
Term
rachel carson
Definition

famous ecologists- was one of the first who previeced the global dangers of pesticide use

Term
abiotic factors that determine the biospheres structures
Definition
solar energy, water, temperature, wind, and disturbances
Term
climatic variations
Definition

determines the distrubution of biological communities

- due to uneven heating of the Earths surface as it orbits the sun

Term
tilt of the earths axis
Definition
causes the changes of the seasons in the northern and sourther atmospheres
Term
uneven heating of the earth
Definition
sets of patterns of parcipitation and pervailing winds
Term
ocean currants
Definition
influence costal climate
Term
landforms like moutains affect
Definition
landfall
Term
ocean communities
Definition

oceans occupy the earths surface

are affected by light, distance from shore, and availiabiility of nutrients

Term
what is the area of shore where the ocean meets the land
Definition
intertidal zone
Term
what are the zones of the ocean
Definition

intertidal- where ocean meets shore

photic zone- 0-200 m below surface

benthic-200m and down to floor

Term
coral reefs
Definition

made mostly of skeletans of fish

- found in warm waters and above continital shelf

Term
estuaries
Definition
are productive areas where rivers flow into oceans
Term
freshwater biomes
Definition
lakes,ponds,rivers,streams, and wetlands
Term
what affects freshwater biomes
Definition
light, temperature and the availiability of nutrients and dissolved oxygen
Term
what changes from the source of a river to its mouth
Definition
abiotic factors which cause communities of vary accordinally
Term

wetlands

Definition
includes marshes and swamps
Term
terrestrial biomes
Definition

reflect regional vriations

- temperature and rainfall- miainly determines terrestrial biomes

 

Term
tropical forests
Definition

cluster near the equator

- most diverse ecosystem

Term
savannahs
Definition

grasslands scattared with trees

- are dry and warm

Term
deserts
Definition

defined by its dryness

- dryest biome

Term
chaparrel
Definition

spiny shrubs dominate

is a shrubland with cool, rainy winters, and hot  dry summers

Term
temperate grasslands
Definition

include the north amerian prarie

are found where winters are cold

Term

broadleaf trees

Definition

dominate temperate forests

- grow throughout midlatitude regions

because there is a sufficient moisture to support growth of trees

Term
coniferous forests
Definition

often dominated by a few species of trees

also called traiga

found where there are short summers and long snowy winters

Term

tundra

Definition

bitter cold winters

 

Term
artic tundra
Definition

is a treeless biome characterized by extreme cold wind and permafrost

Term
alpine tundra
Definition

occurs above the treeline  on high montains

Term
doldrums
Definition
where an area us heated directly by sunand moist air at the equator rises creating an area of calm or of very light winds
Term
tropics
Definition
region between latitudes 23.5 degrees north and 23.5 degrees south this area revieces the greatest annual input and least seasonal variation in solar radiation 
Term
temperate zones
Definition

the latitudes between the topics and the arctic circle in the north ad the antarctic circles in the south

Term
trade winds
Definition
as the dry air descends some of it spreads back toward the equator this movement creates the cooling winds called trade winds
Term
prevailing winds
Definition

resulf from the combined effects of the rising and falling of air masses and earths rotation

- major glbal air movements

Term

westerlies

Definition

us produced by temperate zones the slower moving surface produce them

- winds that blow from west to east

Term
ocean currents
Definition

a combination o fthe prevailing winds the planets rotation unequal heating of surface water ad the locationand shapes of the continents decreases which creates the ocean currents

-river like flow patterns in teh oceans

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