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Chapter 33 Vocab
Activity
27
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
09/26/2012

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Term
Ligaments
Definition
Are tough fibrous bands of connective tissue that bind joints together and connect bone to cartilage 
Term
Tendons
Definition
Are strong, flexible, inelastic fibrous bands and flattened sheets of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone. 
Term
Cartilage
Definition
Is hard nonvascular connective found in the joints as well as in the nose, ear, throax, trachea, and larynx. They function as shock absorbers and reduces friction between moving parts of the joint. 
Term
Neurons
Definition
Conduct impulses from one part of the body to another. (nerve cells)
Term
Body Mechanics
Definition
Is the application of mechanical laws to the human body, specifically in regard to structure, fucntion, and position of the body. Using proper body mechanics in daily activites. 
Term
Patient Care Ergonomics
Definition
Is the practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform ro the capability of the worker in relation to patient care. 
Term
Orthopedics
Definition
Refers to the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion. 
Term
Tonus
Definition
Describe the state of slight contraction-the usual state of skeletal muscles.
Term

Contractures

 

Definition
(permanent contracture of a muscle) if the patient does not have exercise and joint motion and if good posture is not maintained. 
Term
Negative Nitrogen Balance
Definition
Results in muscle wasting and decreased physical energy for movement and work. 
Term
Exercise
Definition
Active exertion of muscles involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups. 
Term
Isotonic Exercise
Definition
Involves muscle shortening and active movement. Examples: carrying out ADL's, ROM, swimming, biking, walking, jogging. 
Term
Isometric Exercise
Definition
Involves muscle contraction without shortening. (There is not movement or only a minimum shortening of muscle fibers). Examples: Contractions of the quads and glute muscles. 
Term
Isokinetic Exercise
Definition
 Involves muscle contraction with resistance. The resistance is provided at a constant rate by an external device, which has the capacity  for variable resistance. Examples: Rehab exercises on knee and elbow injuries and lifting weights. 
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition

 

(the process of bone demineralization) associated with aging. 

Term
Atrophy
Definition
decreased muscle size
Term
Ankylosis
Definition
a consolidation and immobilization of a joint. 
Term
Range of Motion
Definition
is the complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable. 
Term
Flaccidity
Definition
results from disuse or neurologic impairments.
Term
Spasticity
Definition
increases tonethat interderes with movement, is also causedby neurologic impairments. 
Term
Paresis
Definition
Impaired muscle strength or weakness
Term
Paralysis
Definition
The absence of strength secondary  to nervous impairments 
Term
Foot Drop
Definition
If maintained for extended periods, plantar flexion can cause an alteration in the lenth of muscles, and the patient may develop a complication. 
Term
Active Exercise
Definition
the patient independently moves joints through their full range of motion  (isotonic exercise). 
Term
Passive Exercise
Definition
the patient is unable ro move independently, and the nurse moces each joint through its range of motion. 
Term
Dangling
Definition
refers to the position in which the person sits on the edge of the bed with legs and feet over the side of the bed. 
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