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Chapter 3
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49
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
09/29/2010

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Generation Time
Definition
The time it takes a cell to travel through one complete round of division
Term
Growth rate
Definition
The number of generation per unit of time
Term
Psychrophile
Definition
Organisms that grow between 0-20 degrees C
Term
Mesophile
Definition
Organisms that grow at 20-45 degrees C
Term
Thermophile
Definition
Organisms that grow at an optimum temperature of greater than 50 degrees C
Term
Aerobe
Definition
Organisms that require oxygen to live
Term
Anaerobe
Definition
Organism that do not require oxygen to live and may be killed by the prescence of it.
Term
Faculatative anaerobe
Definition
Do not require oxygen, but can use oxygen if it's present.
Term
Halophile
Definition
Need a high concentration of NaCl to live
Term
Diploid
Definition
Two copies of chromosomes
Term
Haploid
Definition
One copy of each chromosome
Term
Siderophore
Definition
What pathogens secrete to obtain Iron
Term
Turbidity
Definition
Cloudyiness. A way of measuring bacterial growth
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
All organisms in a given area and environment
Term
Bioluminescent
Definition
Light emission by resident bacteria that contain luciferase that help attach other prey fish.
Term
Producer
Definition
Get their energy from the sun, and carbon from atmospheric CO2
Term
Consumer
Definition
gain their energy and carbon from eating plants or animals
Term
Decomposer
Definition
Consume organic material
Term
Legume
Definition
Plant that root nodules grow on that help in fixing nitrogen
Term
Biogeochemical cycle
Definition
recycling of chemical elements through living and nonliving things
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Provides energy to fix CO2 and use carbon for cell growth
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
A relationship between two organisms where one or neither organism is harmed or destroyed, both benefit
Term
Bacteriostatic
Definition
Prevent bacterial growth
Term
Pasteurization
Definition
Exposes milk and other beverages to high temperatures (71 degrees C/15 seconds is flash pasteurization). It kills pathogenic bacteria, however it is not sterile
Term
Bioremediation
Definition
The use of microbes to detoxify or degrade pollutants
Term
Clostridium botulinum
Definition
They make spores. Will grow in anaerobic, themphile environments (such as canned goods)
Term
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Definition
Yeast that is used in baking. They ferment the sugar in bread dough.
Term
Streptococcus and Lactobacillus
Definition
Part of lactic acid fermentation in dairy products
Term
Propionibacterium
Definition
Makes holes in swiss cheese. They produce carbon dioxide gas which bubbles.
Term
Clostridium acetobutylicum
Definition
Extract acetone from acetone-butanol-ethanol
Term
Antibody
Definition
Protein produced by the body in response to an antigen, capable of combining with the specific antigen
Term
Antigen
Definition
Any substance that causes an antibody formation; also called immunogen
Term
Immunity
Definition
The ability to fight off infection
Term
Lysozyme
Definition
Break down peptidoglycan of pathogenic bacteria. Found in tears, nasal secretions, urine, tissue fluids.
Term
Phagocyte
Definition
Cell that encounter infections as part of the second line of defense. They are involved in clearing away debris such as dead body cells and denatured proteins.
Term
Opsonization
Definition
The process where microorganisms are readily phagocytized when they are first coated with certain serum protein
Term
Toll-like receptor
Definition
The way phagocytes recognize invaders. They are membrane proteins on white blood cells. They bind to bacterial components and active signal pathways.
Term
PAMP
Definition
Pathogen associated molecular pattern.  Adherence is facilited by the attachment of PAMP
Term
Cytokines
Definition
Secreted by activated fixed macrophages which bring about vasodilation and increased permeability
Term
Diapedesis
Definition
movement of phagocytes out of the bloodstream
Term
Apoptosis
Definition
The natural programmed death of a cell; the residual fragments are disposed of by phagocytosis
Term
Disease
Definition
A disturbance in the state of health that involves disruption of normal body function
Term
Infection
Definition
Invasion of the body by a pathogenic agent that multiplies and produces injurious effects
Term
Pathogen
Definition
Agent capable of causing disease in a host
Term
Virulence
Definition
Relative ability of how a pathogen will effect something
Term
Hyaluronidase
Definition
dissolves tissue 'glue'
Term
streptokinase
Definition
dissolves fibring clot (dissolves blood clots)
Term
Coagulase
Definition
promotes fibring clots (causes blood clots)
Term
Exotoxin
Definition
Toxin secreted outside of cell
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