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Chapter 33
vocab
31
History
Not Applicable
04/21/2008

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Term
John Foster Dulles
Definition
As Secretary of State. he viewed the struggle against Communism as a classic conflict between good and evil. Believed in containment and the Eisenhower doctrine.
Term
massive retaliation
Definition
In the 1950's after Stalin died, Dulles and Eisenhower warned the Soviets that if aggression was undertaken, the U.S. would retaliate with its full nuclear arsenal against the Soviet Union itself. However, the U.S. would not start conflicts.
Term
brinkmanship
Definition
The practice of seeking advantage by creating the impression that one is willing and able to push a highly dangerous situation to the limit rather than concede.
Term
Ho Chi Minh
Definition
North Vietnamese leader who had lead the resistance against the Japanese during WW II and at the end of the war had led the uprising against the French Colonial government. He had traveled in Europe, educated in Moscow, and was an ardent Communist. Became President of the North Vietnamese government established after the French withdrawal. Often called the George Washington of North Vietnam.
Term
SEATO
Definition
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) September, 1954 - Alliance of non-Communist Asian nations modelled after NATO. Unlike NATO, it didn't establish a military force.
Term
Suez Canal
Definition
opened in 1869 to join french-egyptian venture. in 1875 the Br govt had acwuired the largst block of stock. 1882 soldiers were posted there to protect lifeline to India.Led to Suez War.
Term
Sputnik
Definition
October, 1957 - The first artificial satellite sent into space, launched by the Soviets.
Term
missile gap
Definition
The "Missile gap" referred to the U.S. military claim that the U.S.S.R. had more nuclear missiles that the U.S., creating a "gap" in U.S. defensive capabilities.
Term
Eisenhower Doctrine
Definition
Eisenhower proposed and obtained a joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of U.S. military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism. Used in the Middle East.
Term
Viet Cong
Definition
Name given to the guerilla fighters on the Communist side. The North Vietnamese Army (NVA) were regular troops.
Term
NASA
Definition
National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Response to Sputnik, Congress created this federal agency in 1957 to coordinate research and administer the space program.
Term
Warsaw Pact
Definition
To counter the NATO buildup, the Soviets formed this military organization with the nations of Eastern Europe. Also gave Russia an excuse for garrisoning troops in these countries.
Term
Middle East Treaty Organization
Definition
aka Baghdad pact. Uner american sposorship, Br joined states of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Pakistan
Term
National Defense Education Act 1958
Definition
This created a multi-million dollar loan fund for college students and granted money to states for upgrading curriculum in the sciences and foreign languages.
Term
Khrushchev
Definition
Stalin's successor, wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with Khrushchev, France and Great Britain in Geneva, Switzerland in July, 1955 to discuss how peaceful coexistence could be achieved.
Term
U-2 Summit
Definition
Summit meeting blew up when a soviet rocket brought down a US spy plane.
Term
Brown vs Board of Education
Definition
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated
Term
Fidel Castro
Definition
came to power Jan1, 1959. after guerilla warfare with Batista. Planned a social and agrarian revolution and opposed widespread control of economic Cuba.Dictator and communist.
Term
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Definition
December, 1955 - In Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat for a White man as required by city ordinance. It started the Civil Rights Movement and an almost nation-wide bus boycott lasting 11 months.
Term
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Definition
Headed by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., a coalition of churches and Christians organizations who met to discuss civil rights.
Term
Martin Luther King Jr.
Definition
An Atlanta-born Baptist minister, he earned a Ph.D. at Boston University. The leader of the Civil Rights Movement and President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, he was assassinated outside his hotel room.
Term
Civil Rights Act 1957
Definition
Created by the U.S. Commission of Civil Rights and the Civil Rights division of the Justice Department.
Term
Civil Rights Act 1960
Definition
It gave the Federal Courts the power to register Black voters and provided for voting referees who served wherever there was racial discrimination in voting, making sure Whites did not try to stop Blacks from voting.
Term
Orval Faubus
Definition
arkansas governor who ordered the national gaurd to prevent nine blacks from entering Little Rock's Central High School under court order.
Term
22nd Amendment
Definition
Proposed in 1947 and ratified in 1951. It limited the number of terms that a president may serve to two. Was brought on by FDR's 4-term presidency.
Term
dynamic conservatism
Definition
Eisenhowers domestic plan to be conservative when it comes to monet and liberal when it comes to human beings.
Term
Warren Court
Definition
Earl Warren. Made the decision unanimously to say that separate but equal did not apply to school systems and they should be unsegregated during the Brown v Bd of education.
Term
Geneva Accords
Definition
Agreement that settled to neutralize Laos and Cambodia and to divide Vietnam at the 17th parallel.
Term
Hungary National Uprising
Definition
Oct 23, 1956. fighting in Budapest. Imre Nagy, communist, new power. "de-Stalinization" Withdraw from Warsaw Pact. let down by US.
Term
Eisenhower's Farewell Address
Definition
higlighted the dangers of military establishment in a time of peace.
Term
Southern Manifesto
Definition
Denounced the Courts decision in the Brown case as a "clear abuse of judicial power" and was signed by 101 southern members of congress in 1956
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