Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 32
Overview of Animal Diversity
25
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/21/2008

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Tree of Life
Definition
Demonstrates how diversity arose through different evolutionary paths
Term
Phylogeny
Definition
The evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
Organisms that obtain energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms
Term
Zygote
Definition
Diploid (2n) cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes (fertilization)
Term
Cleavage
Definition
In vertebrates, a rapid series of successive cell divisions of a fertilized egg, resulting in a hollow sphere of cells - the blastula
Term
Morula
Definition
Solid ball of cells in the early stage of embryonic development
Term
Blastopore
Definition
In vertebrate development, the opening that connects the archenteron cavity of a gastrula stage embryo with the outside
Term
Gastrula
Definition
In vertebrates, the embryonic stage in which the blastula, with its single layer of cells, turns into a 3-layer embryo made up of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Term
Tissue
Definition
A group of similar cells organized into a structural and functional unit
Term
Parazoa
Definition
The "simplest animals;" lack both clearly defined tissues and organs, though they have a sophisticated degree of cell specialization not found in protists; mostly comprising of sponges (phylum Porifera)
Term
Metazoa
Definition
Multicellular animals whose cells differentiate to form tissues; includes all animals except Protozoa
Term
Radiata
Definition
A group of simple animals with radial symmetry
Term
Bilateria
Definition
A group of animals with bilateral symmetry
Term
Chordata
Definition
A group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates; united by having, at some time in their life, a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle and a post-anal tail
Term
Cephalization
Definition
The evolution of a head and brain area in the anterior end of animals thought to be a consequence of bilateral symmetry
Term
Acoelomate
Definition
A form of bilateria body plan; no body cavity because the space between the mesoderm and endoderm is filled with cells and organic materials; for example, flatworms
Term
Coelomates
Definition
A form of bilateria body type; a fluid-filled body cavity develops entirely in the mesoderm; body cavity is known as a coelom
Term
Metamerism
Definition
The phenomenon exhibited by a part which appears to be of the same color when viewed under one light source, but do not match in color when viewed under a different light
Term
Clade
Definition
A group of organisms whose members share homologous features derived from a common ancestor
Term
Polyphyletic
Definition
In phylogenetic classification, a group that does not include the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group
Term
Monophyletic
Definition
In phylogenetic classification, a froup that does include the most recent common ancestor of the group and all its descendants; a clade is a monophyletic group
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
A germ layer located between the ecto- and endoderms; gives rise to muscle, bone, and other connective tissue, the peritoneum, the circulatory system, and most of the excretory and reproductive systems
Term
Ectoderm
Definition
The outer germ layer; gives rise to the outer epithelium of the body (hair, nails, skin) and to nerve tissue, including the sense organs, brain, and spinal cord
Term
Endoderm
Definition
The innermost germ layer; destined to give rise to the epithelium that lines internal structures and most of the digestive and respiratory tracks
Term
Segmentation
Definition
The division of the developing animal body into repeated units; segmentation allows for redundant systems and more efficient locomotion
Supporting users have an ad free experience!