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Chapter 3 Vocabulary
Heredity
22
Science
7th Grade
11/17/2010

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Term
trait

 


Definition
 

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.


Term
heredity
Definition
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
Term
genetics
Definition
the scientific study of heredity
Term
purebred
Definition
An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent
Term
gene
Definition
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
Term
allele
Definition
the different forms of a gene
Term
dominant allele
Definition
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Term
recessive allele
Definition
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
Term
hybrid
Definition
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait.
Term
probability
Definition
The likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
Term
phenotype
Definition
An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits.
Term
genotype
Definition
An organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Term
homozygous
Definition

Having two identical alleles for a trait.


Term
heterozygous
Definition
Having two different alleles for a trait
Term
codominance
Definition
A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
Term
sperm
Definition
a male sex cell
Term
egg
Definition
a female sex cell
Term
meiosis
Definition
The process that occurs in sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
Term
messenger RNA
Definition
RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
Term
transfer RNA
Definition
RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.
Term
mutation
Definition
A change in a gene or chromosome
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