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Chapter 28_Infection Prevention and Control
Chapter 28_Infection Prevention and Control
40
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
02/17/2013

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Term
6 factors in chain of infection
Definition
pathogen, reservoir, port of exit, more of transmission, port of entry, susceptible host
Term
form that oranism assumes that protects from drying
Definition
spore
Term
Temperature range most favorable for human pathogens
Definition
20C-43C
Term
mode of transmission of varicella zoster (chickenpox)
Definition
airborne, droplet, contact
Term
What is the prodormal stage in the infection process?
Definition
the period between the first nonspecific symptoms and the time when specific symptoms occur (eg: tingling in a coldsore versus lesion itself)
Term
first WBCs in inflammation
Definition
neutrophils, monocytes: conduct phagocytosis
Term
Normal serum count of WBCs
Definition
5000-10000/mm3
Term
number of WBCs that indicates inflammation
Definition
15000-20000
Term
composition of purulent cellular exudate
Definition
WBCs and bacteria
Term
how is the inflammatory exudate usually cleared?
Definition
through the lymphatic system
Term
How does tissue repair in chronic inflammation?
Definition
with granulation tissue
Term
what are iatrogenic infections
Definition
HAIs resulted from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure (bronchoscopy, treatment with antibiotics, etc.)
Term
Two measures recommended by TJC (J Co) to protect older adults from HAIs
Definition
pneumonia vaccine, influenza vaccine
Term
how is culture and sensitivity from site of inflammation performed?
Definition
sterile culture kit, but not sterile technique.
at least 48 hours to grow
Term
what is toxemia?
Definition
toxins produced by bacteria in a localized infection have spread through blood
Term
how is toxemia diagnosed?
Definition
through blood cultures
Term
bacteremia=
Definition
bacteria in blood
Term
in an older adult, an unexplained increase in heart rate, confusion and generalized fatigue might indicate...
Definition
pneumonia
Term
Normal percentage of monocytes among WBC
Definition
Monocytes: up to 10%
Term
Monocytes are increased in conditions like...
Definition
TB, chronic inflammation, COPD, long term UTI, protozoan
Term
Normal percentage range for Neutrophils
Definition
Neutrophils: 55%-70%
Term
Elevated Neutrophils could indicate...
Definition
bacterial infections and trauma
Term
normal percentage of lymphocytes in blood
Definition
20%-40%
Term
increased number of lymphocutes can indicate...
Definition
viral infections; immune reactions; production of antibodies
Term
normal range of eosinophils
Definition
1%-4%
Term
increased eosinophils indicate...
Definition
parasitic infections; allergies
Term
normal range of basophils in blood
Definition
up to 1.5%
Term
an increase in the number of basophils can indicate..
Definition
nonspecific immune response; histamine release
Term
asepsis=
Definition
absence of pathogenic microorganisms
Term
another name for medical asepsis
Definition
clean technique
Term
hand hygiene
barrier technique
routine environmental cleaning
are examples of...
Definition
medical asepsis
Term
using water and a mechanical action, plus detergents or enzymatic products are examples of....
Definition
cleaning
Term
Process of removing all microorganisms from an inanimate object, expect the spores is called..
Definition
disinfection
Term
Using of alcohols, chlorines, glutaraldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and phenols on an object is an example of..
Definition
disinfection
Term
steam under pressure, etylene oxide gas, hydrogen peroxide plasma, autoclave are used in...
Definition
sterilization
Term
4 type of devices that must be sterilized
Definition
1. surgical instruments
2. implants
3. urinary catheters
4. cardiac and intravascular catheters
Term
what type of cleaning should be used with respiratory and anesthesia equipment, endoscopes, endotrach tubes, gastrointest endoscopes, diaphragm fitting rings
Definition
high level disinfection or sterilization
Term
what type of cleaning would be used for a bedpan, a sthetoscope, linen
Definition
disinfection
Term
another name for surgical asepsis
Definition
sterile technique
Term
what type of technique is used when suctioning the tracheobronchial airway
Definition
sterile technique
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