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Chapter 2
Research Methods: A Tool for Life
24
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
09/06/2014

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Cards

Term
Active Deception
Definition

 The process of misinforming a research participant about some aspect of a study so that the individual is not aware of the investigator’s intent in the project

Term
Anonymity
Definition

1.      The practice of maintaining records so that nobody can identify which individual is associated with a certain set of data

Term
Aspirational Goals: 
Definition
General set of ethical principles that guide psychologists in their research and other professional activities
Term
Beneficence
Definition
Acting to promote the welfare of the people a psychologists deals with
Term
Coercion
Definition

Pressure that a potential participant feels in agreeing to take part in research

Term
Confidentiality:
Definition
The practice of making sure that nobody outside a research project has access to date that can be identified with a specific individual
Term
Cost-benefit Analysis
Definition

1.      An evaluation of the relative risks that research participants ace in a study (the cost) relative to the potential benefit of the outcome of the research

Term
Cover Story
Definition
The story a researcher creates to disguise the actual purpose of a study when deception is considered necessary to conduct a study
Term
Debriefing
Definition
Informing research participants at the conclusions of a research project of the purpose of the research, including disclosure of any deception and providing an opportunity for participants to ask questions about the research
Term
Dehoaxing
Definition

1.      The process of telling research participants of any deception or ruses used in a study

Term
Desensitization
Definition
The process of eliminating any negative aftereffects that a participant might experience after taking part in a project
Term
Ethical Standards
Definition
A set of enforceable rules created by the APA and by legal authorities that relate to moral values or right and wrong
Term
Fidelity and Responsibility
Definition
Psychologists must act in professionally in ways that support the discipline of psychology and benefit their community, especially regarding the wellbeing of the people with whom they interact with personally
Term
Informed Consent
Definition
The requirement in research that specifies that researchers must notify participants about the nature of participation research and any risks involved
Term
Institutional Board Review (IRB
Definition
A committee that reviews research projects to make sure that the projects are in compliance with accepted ethical guidelines. An IRB is required for every institution receiving federal funding in the U.S.
Term
Integrity
Definition
Psychologists should promote the honest and truthful application of the discipline in science, teaching, and practice
Term
Justice
Definition

1.      Psychologists must recognize the implications of their professional activity on others and strive to make the best professional judgments they can

Term
Nonmaleficence
Definition
Avoiding harm to the people a psychologists works with
Term
Nuremberg Code
Definition

1.      A set of legal principles adopted by the international community after the Nazi atrocities in WWII to insure fair and ethical treatment of research participants

Term
Passive Deception
Definition

 The failure to provide complete information to a research participant about some aspect of a study so that the individual is not aware of the investigator’s intent in the project

Term
Plagiarism
Definition

1.      An ethical breach in which a person claims credit for another person’s idea or research

Term
Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
Definition

 Psychologists must recognize the dignity and value of all people and, to the fullest extent possible, eliminate biases in dealing with people

Term
Role Playing
Definition
An approach to research in which participants act as if they were participating in a study so the investigator can avoid using potentially unethical strategies that might lead to physical or psychological harm to participants
Term
Simulation (Simulated environment)
Definition

   An approach to research in which the investigator creates an environment similar to one of interest in order to study behaviors in a realistic way. 

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