Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 28
The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity
24
Biology
12th Grade
02/03/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Protists Characteristics
Definition

-eukaryotic, unicellular, colonial, multicellular

-nutrition: aerobic, photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, mixotrophs

-ingestive (protozoa), photosynthetic (algae), absorptive (fungus like)

-moltility: flagella, cilia, psuedopodia

-life cycles: asexual (mitosis), sexual (mieosis & syngamy) and cysts

-habitat: aquatic (plankton), & moist terrestrial areas

 

Term

Syngamy

Definition
-the union of 2 gametes; sexual life cycle 
Term

Mixotrophs

Definition

-combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition 

 

-EX: Euglena

-has a contractile vacoule

Term

Cysts

Definition

-resistant cells that are formed at some point in the life cycle of a protist that can survive harsh conditions

Term
Endosymbiosis
Definition

-symbiotic relationship b/w two seperate cells

Term
Diplomonads and Parabasalids
Definition
  • both lack mitochondria 
  • Diplomonads: mutiple flagella, 2 seperate nuclei, simple cytoskeleton, no plastids.

EX: Giardia lamblia[image]

  • Parabasalids: include a protist called trichomonads
Term
Euglenoids
Definition
  • both photosyn. and heterotro. flagelletes
  • many are heterotrophic or mixotrophic, absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings or engulfing prey by phagocytosis
Term
Kinetoplastids
Definition
  • symbiotic and some are pathogenic to their hosts
  • EX: Trypanosoma (transmitted by Tsetse fly): causes African sleeping sickness
Term
Alveolata
Definition
  • unicellular protists with subsurface cavities (alveoli)-help stabilize the cell surface and regulate the cell's water and iron content
  • Dinoflagelletes: red tides (deadly toxins)-Gonyaulax
  • Ciliates: paramecium, stentor
  • Apicomplexons: all parasitic, plasmodium (malaria) 
Term
Stramenopila
Definition
-the stramenopile clade includes the water molds and the heterokont algae (heterotrophic groups and photosynthetic protists)
Term

Oomycotes

(water mold)

Definition

-water molds

-also includes white rusts and downy mildews, which are all heterotrophic stramenopiles that lack chloroplasts

Term

Chrysophytes

(golden algae)

Definition

-golden algae

-named from the color, from the yellow and brown carotene and xanthophyll accessory pigments

Term
Diatoms
Definition
-unique glasslike walls consisting of hydrated silica embedded in an organic matrix
Term

Phaeophytes

(brown algae)

Definition

-brown algae and seaweed, largest and most complex algae

-uses: food source, thickening agents, agar, cosmetics

Term

Rhodophyta

(Red algae)

Definition

-red algae that lack flagella

-most abundunt large eukaryotic algae in warm coastal waters

Term
Chlorophyta
Definition

-green algae and plants evolved from a common photoautotrophic ancestor

-unicellular (chlamydomonas), colonial (volvox), filamentous (spirogyra)

Term
Lichens
Definition

-two organisms living together

-chlorophytes that live symbiotically with fungi in mutualistic collectives

Term
Pseudopodia
Definition

-cellular extentions that help protists move and feed

Term

Rhizopoda

(Amoebas)

Definition
-unicellular and use pseudopodia to move and feed
Term

Actinopoda

(Heliozoans & Radiolarians)

Definition

-Heliozoan- freshwater protists with stiff axopodia used for feeding

-Radiolarian- marine forms with glassy shells that differ in shape for each species

Term

Foraminifera

(Forams)

Definition

-forams- marine; fossilized shells of forams components of marine sediments and sedimentary rocks

Term

Mycetozoa

(slime molds)

Definition

-"fungus animals"

-slime molds that have structural adaptions and life cycles that enhance their ecological role as decomposers

Term

Evolutionary Trends

Definition
  • Filamentous Cyanobacteria -> specialized cells
  • Complex Communities -> species w/ metabolic specialties
  • Compartmentalization within cells -> Eukaryotes
Term
Conjugation
Definition

-process where sexual shuffling of genes occurs

 

[image]

Supporting users have an ad free experience!