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Chapter 2
notes from chapter 2
20
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/09/2009

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Term
Light Microscope
Definition
most frequently used microscope; one used in biology laboratories
Term
Surface area
Definition
important for carrying out the cell's funtions, such as acquiring adequate nutrients and oxygen
Term
four life processes
Definition
Manufacturing, Breakdown of molecules, Energy processing, and structual support movement and communication
Term
Manufacturing
Definition
involves the nucleus,ribosomes,endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi appartus
Term
Breakdown of molecules
Definition
involves lysosomes, vacuoles, and peroxisomes
Term
Energy Processing
Definition
involves mitochondria in animal cells and cholorplasts in plant cells
Term
Structual support,movement, and ccommunication
Definition
involve the cytoskeleton plasma membrane, and cell wall
Term
Nucleus
Definition
controls the cell's activites and is responsible for inheritance. Inside is a complex of proteins and DNA called Chromatin which makes up the chell's chromosomes
Term
Nuclear Envolope
Definition
is a double membrane with pores taht allow material to flow in and out of the nucleus. It is attached to a network of cellular membranes called endoplasmic reticulum.
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
are involved in the cell's protein synthesis. Sybnthesized in the nucleolus which is found in the nucleus.
Term
Endoplasmic reticulim (ER)
Definition
2 Kinds: Smooth and rough
Smooth lacks attached ribosomes
Rough lines the outer surface of membranes.
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
Functions in conjunction with the ER by modifying products of the ER. One side of the golgi functions as a receiving dock for the product and the other as a shipping dock.
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
are membranous sacs taht are found in a variety of cells and possess an assortment of functions. ex. central vacuole in plants with hydrolytic funtions, pigment vacuoles in plants to provide color to flowers.
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
is a membranous sac containing digestive enzymes, the enzymes and membrane a produced by teh EER and transferred to the Golgi for processing
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Cellular respiration is accomplished in mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It has two internal compartments: the intermebrane space, which encloses the Mitochondrial matrix where materials necessary for ATP genreation are found
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
are the photosynthesizing organelles of plants. Convert light energy into chemcial energy.
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
cells that contain a network of protein fibers. They function in cellstructural support and motility
Term
Cilia
Definition
cells that sweep mucus out of our lungs, (sweeping motion,keeps stuff out.)
Term
Flagella
Definition
propels a cell by an unulating whiplike motion
Term
Extracellular matrix(ECM)
Definition
Composed of strong fibers of collagen. It attaches through connecting proteins that bind tomembrane proteins called integrins. Cells synthesize and secrete the ECM taht is essential to cell function.
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