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Chapter 2
Pricipals of drug action
24
Medical
Undergraduate 1
09/13/2011

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Term
Agonist
Definition
A chemical or drug that binds to a receptor and creates an effect on the body
Term
Antagonist
Definition
A chemical or drug that binds to a receptor but does not create an effect on the body; it actually blocks the receptor site from accepting the agonist
Term
Bioavailbilty
Definition
Amount of drug that reaches the systemic cirrculation
Term
Drug Administration
Definition
Method by which the drug is made available to the body
Term
Enteral
Definition
Use of the intestine
Term
First-Pass Effect
Definition
Initial metabolism in the liver of a drug taken orally before the drug reaches the systemic cirrculation
Term
Hypersensitivity
Definition
An allergic or immune-mediated reaction to a drug, which can be serious, requiring airway maintenance or ventilatory assistance
Term
Idiosyncratic Effect
Definition
An abnormal or unexpected reaction to a drug, other than an allergic reaction, as compared with the predicted effect
Term
Inhalation
Definition
Taking a substance, typically in the form of gases, fumes, vapors, mists, aerosols, or dusts, into the body by breathing in
Term
Local Effect
Definition
Limited to the area of treatment
Term
Lung Availability/Systemic Availability
Definition
Amount of drug that is made available to the lung out of the total available to the body
Term
Parenteral
Definition
Any way other than the intestine most commonly an injection
Term
Pharmacodynamics
Definition
the mechanisms of the drug action by which the a drug molecule causes its effect in the body
Term
Pharmacogentics
Definition
the study of genetic factors and their influence on drug response
Term
Pharmacokinetics
Definition
the time course and disposition of a drug in the body, based on its absorbing, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Term
Receptor
Definition
A cell component that combines with a drug to change or enhance the function of the cell
Term
Structure-Activity Relation (SAR)
Definition
Relationship between a drug's chemical structure and the outcome it has on the body
Term
Synergism
Definition
A drug interaction that occurs from combined drug effects that are greater than if the drugs were given alone
Term
Systemic Effect
Definition
Pertains to the whole body, whereas the target for the drug in not local, possibly causing side effects
Term
Tachphlaxis
Definition
A rapid decrease in response to a drug
Term
Theraputic Index (TI)
Definition
Difference between the minimal therapeutic and toxic concentrations of a drug; the smaller the difference the greater chance the drug will be toxic
Term
Tolerance
Definition
Describes a decreasing intensity of response to a drug over time
Term
Topical
Definition
Use of the skin or mucous membrane
Term
Transdermal
Definition
Use of the skin
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