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Chapter 24
ap history
37
History
12th Grade
05/12/2009

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Term
Political democracy
Definition

the liberal principles of democracy in politics after 1871 were slowed or even halted altogether after 1894 because growing anxieties in European political life.

Term
The Pankhursts and the “suffragettes”
Definition
Emmeline Pankhurst became the leader of the women’s suffrage movement in Britain. Her and her daughters marched and fought for women’s right to vote. Their fight for the right to vote often became violent. Even when Emmeline was jailed in 1908 the fight for women suffrage went on until they eventually received the right to vote. “Suffragettes” were known as having one fundamental aim: the right of women to full citizenship in the nation-state
Term
The “new woman”
Definition

Woman that renounced the traditional feminine roles during the early 1900s. Described by Montessori as being woman who follow a rational, scientific perspective.

Term
Maria Montessori
Definition

(1870-1952) was a good example of the "new woman'. Became the first Italian woman to receive a medical degree. She also took on a lecture tour where she talked on the subject of the "new woman". She also worked in a school for mentally challenged children, where she developed a new style of teaching that allowed children to learn at their own pace. 

Term
 Alfred Dreyfus
Definition

Jew who was captain of the France’s General staff

-he was found guilty by a secret military court early in 1895 of selling army secrets and condemned to life in prison on Devil’s Island

-evidence emerged to his innocence

-known as the Dreyfus affair-made republicans determined to make progress toward a democratic society by breaking power of Republic’s enemies

-ended political threat to 3rd Republic

Term
Theodore Herzl
Definition

Austrian Jewish journalist

-wrote The Jewish State in the summer of 1895

-analyzed the fundamental causes of anti-Semitism and devised a solution to the “Jewish problem”

-advocated “the Jews who wish it will have their state”

Term
pogroms
Definition

organized massacres of Jews

Term
Zionism
Definition
an international movement that called for the establishment of a Jewish state of refuge for Jews in Palestine 
Term
Fabian Socialists
Definition

Failure by the government to enact social reform lead to a movement for laborers. This movement stressed the need for laborers to use their right to vote to secure the House of Commons. By the securing the House of Commons they would be able to pass legislation to benefit the laboring class. They favored evolution instead of revolution toward a socialist state. In 1900 the trade unions combined with them to become the Labour Party

Term
David Lloyd George
Definition

A Liberal who was determined to help workers after being moved by the misery of Welsh coal miners. Abandoned the idea of laissez-faire and voted to provide benefits and a small pension to workers who suffered from sickness or injury and those who retired from their jobs. To pay for this program George increased taxes of the wealthy by a very little amount.

Term
transformismo
Definition
System in Italy in which old political groups were transformed into new government coalitions by political and economic bribery. In the long run it lend to unmanageable and corrupt politics in Italy
Term
Pan-German League
Definition

Group in Germany that supported its nationalistic goals. It stressed strong German nationalism and believed that imperialism could overcome social divisions and unite all the classes.  They were Anti-Semitic and thought that Jews were the destroyers of the national community.

Term
Sergei Witte
Definition
the minister of finance in Russia from 1892 to 1903. Count Witte saw industrial growth as crucial to Russia's national strength.
Term
Russo-Japanese War
Definition

Russia's territorial expansion to the south and east, esp. its designs on northern Korea, led to a confrontation with Japan. The war ended in 1905 with Russian defeat.

Term
Bloody Sunday”
Definition

Troops opened fire on a peaceful demonstration killing hundreds and launching a revolution.

Term
Duma
Definition
legislative assembly created by the October Manifesto. They were elected directly by a broad franchise
Term
Peter Stolypin
Definition

-tsar’s chief advisor 1906-1911

            -Agrarian reforms dissolved the ownership of land

            -opened door to private ownership by peasants

            -murdered

Term
New Imperialism
Definition

-European states embarked on an intense scramble for overseas territory

            - Europeans carved up Asia and Africa

Term
“White man’s burden”
Definition

            -way of rationalizing imperialism

            -white man’s burden to help and civilize countries

            -more religious view, faiths went to foreign colonies

Term
Economic Imperialism
Definition

-European finance dominated the economic activity of a large part of the world

            -Businesses established where they were most profitable

Term
 Cecil Rhodes
Definition

In the 1880s British policy in South Africa was largely determined by him. He was a great champion of British expansion. One of his goals was to create a series of British colonies from South to North Africa connected by a railroad. He started the Boer War when he tried to overthrow the government of the South African Republic without British approval and was forced to resign as prime minister of the Cape Colony.

Term
 Boer War
Definition
Began because Rhodes conspired to overthrow the Boer government of the South African Republic without British approval. The British government tried to avoid war but couldn’t stop extremists on both sides from precipitation a conflict. It lasted from 1899-1902 when the Boers were overwhelmed by the larger British army. After the war relations between the Boers and the British were good.
Term
 Suez Canal
Definition

Opened by the French in 1869. British took an active interest in Egypt after it was opened. They believed that it was their lifeline to India, so they wanted control of it. The British landed in Egypt and established a protectorate over Egypt. Then they seized the canal, narrowly avoiding a war with France.

Term
Hong Kong
Definition
British obtained(through war) the island of HongKong in Southeast coast of China for trading.
Term
Open Door Policy
Definition
One country would not restrict the commerce of the other countries in its sphere of influence, urged by John Hay
Term
Commodore Matthew Perry
Definition
American naval force general forced Japanese to grant the United States trading and diplomatic privilege
Term
Boxer Rebellion
Definition

"Society of Harmonius Fists" members aimed to push foreignors out of China through violent outbursts. They murdered foreign missionaries, Christian-Chinese converts, and a German diplomatic envoy to Beijing

Term
Meiji Restoration
Definition

- Emperor Mutsuhito called his reign the Meiji (Enlightened Government) New leaders who controlled the emperor now inaugerated a remarkable transformation of Japan. Youth were sent west to obtain western educations. Copied western industry/financial methods. Established German-style army and Bristish-style navy.

Term
Indiant National Congress
Definition

formed in 1883. moderate, educated Indians were beginning to seek self-government. By 1919, in reponse to British violence and insensitivity, Indians demaned complete independence.

Term
Bismarckian System
Definition
based upon a "policy of peace", and was designed to keep the newly unified German Empire in favor with the whole of Europe while gaining power. The Bismarckian Alliance system reflected the character of its creator, deceptively and underhandedly befriending nearly every major power in Europe while simultaneously betraying their friendship as necessary for German interests. The system consisted of three parts (the creation of a peaceful German facade, the formation of defensive alliances, and the isolation of enemies), and was very successful until Bismarck?s retirement in 1890.
Term
Congress of Berlin
Definition

met in summer 1848, demolished the treaty of san Stefano. It reduced the new balken state  and turned control of the rest over to the ottoman empire.

Term
Triple Alliance
Definition
Germany, Italy and Austria, Provided a defense against the French while protecting existing government
Term
Bismarkian system
Definition

system of alliances geared to protecting peace and the status quo

Term
Emperor William II
Definition

dismissed Bismarck and created an activist foreign policy dedicated to enhancing German power

Term
Triple Entente
Definition
an alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia
Term
Balkan’s Crises – two Balkan wars: First Balkan War
Definition
Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and Greece defeated the Ottomans
Term
Second Balkan War
Definition

Greece, Serbia, Romania, and the Ottoman Empire defeated Bulgaria

 

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