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Chapter 21
Exam 3
24
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/01/2014

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Term
Wings
Definition
Hexapods usually have two pairs of wings on the thoracic region of the body; Wings are an adaptive trait that helps facilitate access to every possible niche
Term
Antennae
Definition
Usually one pair of antennae that varies greatly in form across the subphylum (can feel, taste, or hear)
Term
Alimentary canal
Definition
Gastrointestinal track
Term
Tagmata
Definition
Body segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
Term
Uniramous
Definition
In an arthropod leg, a single series of segments attached end-to-end
Term
Biramous
Definition
In an arthropod leg, the leg branches into two, and each branch consists of a series of segments attached end-to-end
Term
Sclerites
Definition
Complexe plates connected by hinge joints that make up the exoskeleton
Term
Mandibles
Definition
A pair of appendages near the insect’s mouth
Term
Maxillae
Definition
Cut food and manipulate it during mastication
Term
Hyperparasitism
Definition
When parasites have parasites
Term
Malpighian tubules
Definition
Excretory and osmoregulatory system that operates in conjunction with specialized glands in the wall of the rectum
Term
Spiracles
Definition
Opening to the outside that reduces and prevents water loss
Term
Compound eyes
Definition
Consists of thousands of individual photoreceptor units
Term
Ommatidia
Definition
Photoreceptor units
Term
Parthenogenesis
Definition
Unisexual reproduction involving the production of young by females not fertilized by males
Term
Pheromone
Definition
Chemicals secreted by one individual to affect the behavior of another: attract opposite sex, trigger aggregation, fend off aggression, and mark trails
Term
Instar
Definition
Each stage between molts
Term
Cocoon/Chrysalis
Definition
The structure in which a pupa lives in inbetween the larval and adult stages
Term
Ametabolous
Definition
Direct development: young look similar to adults except in size and sexual maturation (egg-juvenile-adult)
Term
Hemimetabolous
Definition
Gradual metamorphosis: young are called nymphs (egg-nymph-adult)
Term
Holometabolous
Definition
Separate physiology of larval growth, pupal differentiation, and adult reproduction: (egg-larva-pupa-adult
Term
Diapause
Definition
Period of dormancy in the annual life cycle that is independent of conditions; internally controlled; allows them to synchronize with the environment
Term
Hibernation
Definition
Winter diapause
Term
Estivation
Definition
Summer diapause
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