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chapter 20
sexual reproduction
23
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
06/02/2012

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Term
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Definition
released in the hypothalamus and stimulates release of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)and LH (leutinizing hormone)
Term
regulation of FSH and LH
Definition
regulated by negative feedback loops
Term
puberty
Definition

Secretion of FSH and LH are the strongest in the first 6 months of life, then declines to almost nothing until puberty happens

-begins with release of LH

Term
onset of puberty
Definition

more active slimmer girls may have onset later

depends on activity levels and body fat

Term
Testes
Definition

Seminiferous tubules- where spermatogenesis occurs

 

Interstitial tissue-where leydig cells make testosterone  

 

Term
Accessory sex organs
Definition
the seminal vesicle and prostate gland add fluid to sperm  to form semen
Term
oligospermia
Definition
a sperm count of less than 20 million, considered less fertile
Term
Vasectomy
Definition
male contraception
Term
female accessory reproductive organs
Definition

ovaries and fallopian tubes

 

Term
Estrogen
Definition
production also stimulated by FSH
Term
corpus luteum
Definition

this secretes both estrogen and progesterone

 

 play a role in the mentrual cycle

Term
menstrual cycle
Definition

happens every 28-30 days

broken down into 3 stages

menstrual

proliferative

secretory

Term
cycle changes in the ovaries
Definition

3 phases

follicular phase

ovulation

luteal phase

 

Term
follicular phase
Definition
decribed by increase in estrogen between day 1-13
Term
Luteal phase
Definition
FSH and LH beome inhibited by the pituitary gland, to give oocyte chance to be fertilized
Term
proliferative phase
Definition

occurs while ovary is in follicular phase

endometrium grows and becomes very vascular

 

Term
secretory phase
Definition

 the endometrium becomes thicker and more vascular

 

Term
menstrual phase
Definition
fall in estrogen and progesterone and corpus luteum degenerates
Term
contraceptive pill
Definition

includes synthetic estrogen and progesterone

inhibits ovulation

 

Term
amniocentesis
Definition
samples taken from amniotic fluid to detect  genetic abnormailites  like down syndrome
Term
labor
Definition

occur in response to the hormone oxytocin from the hypothalamus and prostaglandis from the placentia

Term
lactation
Definition
prolactin from pituitary gland stimulates mile production
Term
breast feeding immunity
Definition

igG antibodies passed from mother to baby in vitro

igA passed through breast milk

 

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