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Chapter 2 vocabulary
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21
Chemistry
8th Grade
10/08/2009

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Term
organic compound
Definition
contains atoms of carbon bonded to one another and to other kinds of atoms
Term
polymer
Definition
a large, complex molecule built from smaller molecules joined together
Term
monomer
Definition
the smaller molecules from which polymers are built
Term
plastic
Definition
synthetic polymers that can be molded or shaped
Term
composite
Definition
combine two ore more substances as a new material with different propterites
Term
alloy
Definition
a mixture made of two or more elements that have the properties of metal
Term
ceramics
Definition
hard, crystalline solids made by heating clay and other mineral materials to high temperatures
Term
glass
Definition
a clear, solid material with no crystal structure
Term
optical fiber
Definition
a thread like piece of glass (or plastic) that can be used for transmitting light
Term
nuclear reaction
Definition
reactions involving the particles in the nucleus of an atom
Term
isotopes
Definition
atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons
Term
mass number
Definition
the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
radioactive decay
Definition
the atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes that release fast-moving particles and energy
Term
alpha particle
Definition
consists of two protons and two neutrons
Term
beta particle
Definition
an electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay
Term
gamma reaction
Definition
high energy waves, similar to x-rays
Term
half-life
Definition
the time needed for half the atoms of a sample to decay in an isotope
Term
radioactive dating
Definition
the process of determining the age of an object using the half-life of one or more radioactive isotopes
Term
tracers
Definition
radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or industrial process
Term
radiation therapy
Definition
radioactive elements that are used to destroy unhealthy cells
Term
nuclear radiation
Definition
particles and energy produced during radioactive decay
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